METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HARVESTING AND THREE-STAGE CLEANING OF TOPINAMBOUR TUBERS

• Main Authors: Reznik Evgenij Ivanovich, Ponomarev Andrej Grigorevich, Kartashov Stanislav Grigorevich, Eremchenko Valerij Ivanovich
• Format: Patent
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: 10.01.2017
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; FISHING; FORESTRY; HARVESTING; HUMAN NECESSITIES; HUNTING; MOWING; TRAPPING

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agricultural production. Method includes transportation and cleaning of root crops simultaneously with supply of heap in lateral conveyors, cleaning is made by cleaning elements in form of brushes, installed above them. At first stage vibration cleaning is made by cleaning topinambour tubers, cutting of residues of stems and removal of residues of soil. At second stage vibration cleaning of topinambour tubers is made in drum cleaner with spiral screw, vibration brushes and vibration spring with adjustable pitch of spiral. At third stage residues of soil are cleaned out from grooves on topinambour roots by vibration pulsed action of brushes and metal mesh grid. Then cleaned tubers are supplied into outlet branch pipe with stone-caching box with opening front cover in its lower wall. Then tubers are directed to trough-shaped casing via horizontal-inclined conveyor. Device comprises lateral conveyors, cleaning elements in form of brushes, inclined vibration conveyor with sharpened coil type rollers and horizontal rubberized clot-squeezing drums with longitudinal riffles, pointed at angle of no less than 120°, that provides effective cleaning of topinambour, which is then supplied into housing of drum-cleaner with rotating tape spiral-shaped vibration screw installed at angle to horizontal no less than 15° to output of cleaned tubers. To screw shaft, using no more than four flat plates spiral tape is attached, and on its internal plane at least eight vertical cylinder bodies are fixed made in form of plunger pairs with brushes and springs, which are placed diametrically in radii from center of shaft at each step of spiral. Housings with brushes have possibility of rotation in horizontal plane in clockwise direction from 0 to 90° and back, as well as move in vertical plane. Between end walls of drum-cleaner housing vibrating spring is installed with diameter no less than 500 mm, which is made of metal wire with diameter no less than 4 mm. One end of spring is fixed to front end wall of drum-cleaner housing, and its other end is fixed to rockers through rear end wall using horizontal links, which are connected to at least three cylinders to control spiral pitch depending on dimensions of topinambour tubers. At distance of no less than 10 mm, in circle of diameter of vibrating spring on end walls of drum-cleaner no more than six horizontal angles are fixed for installation of metal grid on them. Simultaneous vibration of all said working elements is performed, which is transmitted from corresponding electric drives with frequency control. Then cleaned tubers through outlet branch pipe are supplied in trough-shaped casing with horizontal-inclined conveyor, which is turned by 180° from topinambour tubers path. In conveyor warm heated air is supplied from air-blower operated from solar battery installed on tractor cabin roof, it provides drying of topinambour tubers, which are then supplied into storage bin, and then they are unloaded from it via belt conveyor into separate vehicle. Control system of operation of all mechanisms is performed from microprocessor, installed in tractor cabin.EFFECT: higher efficiency, operating speed and quality of topinambour tubers cleaning are achieved.2 cl, 2 dwg Группа изобретений относится к области сельскохозяйственного производства. Способ содержит транспортировку и очистку корнеплодов одновременно с подачей вороха в боковые транспортеры, производят их очистку установленными над ними очистительными элементами в виде щеток. На первой стадии проводят виброочистку, очищая клубни топинамбура, срезание остатков стеблей и удаление остатков почвы. На второй стадии осуществляют виброочистку клубней топинамбура в барабанном очистителе со спиралеобразным шнеком, виброщетками и вибропружиной с регулируемым шагом спирали. На третьей стадии вычищают остатки земли из выемок корней топинамбура виброимпульсным воздействием щеток и металлической ячеистой сетки. Затем очищенные клубни подают в выходной патрубок, имеющий в своей нижней стенке ящик-камнеуловитель с открывающейся передней крышкой. Далее клубни направляют в корытообразный кожух горизонтально-наклонным транспортером. Устройство содержит боковые транспортеры, очистительные элементы в виде щеток, наклонный вибротранспортер с заточенными роликами катушечного типа и горизонтальные прорезиненные барабаны-комкодавители с продольными рифлями, заостренными под углом не менее чем 120°, что обеспечивает при этом эффективную очистку клубней топинамбура, которые затем поступают в корпус барабана-очистителя с вращающимся ленточным спиралеобразным вибрирующим шнеком, установленным под углом от горизонтали не менее чем на 15° к выходу очищаемых клубней. К валу шнека, с использованием не более чем четырех плоских пластин, крепится спиралевидная лента, а на ее внутренней плоскости закреплено не менее чем восемь вертикальных