Starch ethers containing nitrogen and process for making the same

• Main Author: PASCHALL EUGENE F
• Format: Patent
• Language: English
• Published: 16.11.1960
• Subjects: CHEMISTRY; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; METALLURGY; ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; POLYSACCHARIDES; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP

Ungelatinised nitrogen-containing starch ethers in unswollen granule form are prepared by reacting starch in the presence of a strongly alkaline catalyst with a secondary amine of formula NHR2R3 where R2 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl and R3 is 2, 3-epoxypropyl or 3-halo-2-hydroxypropyl, or with a quaternary ammonium salt possessing the cation <FORM:0854161/IV(a)/1> where each of R4, R5 and R6 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, and R4 and R5 may form a ring, but if R4, R5 and R6 are the same, each should contain not more than 4 carbon atoms, the etherification being carried out under non-gelatinising conditions in the presence of a solvent, the amines being obtained by reacting an epihalohydrin with a primary or tertiary amine or tertiary amine salt. Specified amines are the reaction products of epichlorhydrin or epibromhydrin with triethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, dimethylstearylamine, tri-npropylamine, dimethylaniline, N-ethylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methyldiallylamine, 2-chloro -N, N-dimethyl ethylamine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, tertiary octylamine, 1-naphthylamine, allylamine, methylamine, N, N-dimethyl carboxyethylamine, and N, N-dimethyl p-chlorobenzylamine. Specified solvents are water, dioxane and isopropyl alcohol. Salts such as sodium chloride, sulphate and carbonate may be present. Suitable alkaline catalysts are alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth oxides and hydroxides, and quaternary ammonium bases.