Sol–gel derived BaTiO 3 nanopowders

• Published in: Journal of alloys and compounds Vol. 468; no. 1; pp. 528 - 532
• Main Authors: Kavian, R., Saidi, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 2009
• Subjects: Ceramics; Nanostructure; Sol–gel process; Sol–gel process; Nanostructure; Ceramics
• ISSN: 0925-8388; 1873-4669
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.045

Pure tetragonal phase barium titanate nanograin with an average diameter of about 54 nm has been synthesized via a sol–gel route starting from soluble precursors of barium and titanium and without surfactant. The gel was peptized and crystallized in water under a refluxing condition. The effect of pH value on the properties of BaTiO 3 powder was investigated. BaTiO 3 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, transmission electron microscope and thermal gravimetric analysis. It was found that the pH value of solvent had a great influence on the calcination temperature of powders while BaTiO 3 crystallites were formed at 800 °C by acidic catalyst process and at 1000 °C by using basic additives. Higher initial pH led to smaller crystallite sizes of BaTiO 3 powders. As-prepared powder has perovskite tetragonal structure with an average grain size of 54 nm and a high BET value of 25 m 2/g for pH 9. Sol–gel route has shown many distinctive advantages in the preparation of high-purity BaTiO 3 nanopowders without Ba and Ti losses and hazardous wastes.