G eant4—a simulation toolkit

• Published in: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment Vol. 506; no. 3; pp. 250 - 303
• Main Authors: Agostinelli, S., Allison, J., Amako, K., Apostolakis, J., Araujo, H., Arce, P., Axen, D., Banerjee, S., Barrand, G., Behner, F., Bellagamba, L., Boudreau, J., Broglia, L., Brunengo, A., Burkhardt, H., Chauvie, S., Chytracek, R., Cooperman, G., Cosmo, G., Degtyarenko, P., Dell'Acqua, A., Dietrich, D., Feliciello, A., Ferguson, C., Fesefeldt, H., Folger, G., Foppiano, F., Forti, A., Garelli, S., Giani, S., Giannitrapani, R., Gibin, D., Gómez Cadenas, J.J., González, I., Greeniaus, G., Grichine, V., Grossheim, A., Guatelli, S., Gumplinger, P., Hamatsu, R., Hashimoto, K., Heikkinen, A., Howard, A., Ivanchenko, V., Johnson, A., Jones, F.W., Kanaya, N., Kawabata, Y., Kawaguti, M., Kelner, S., Kodama, T., Kokoulin, R., Kossov, M., Kurashige, H., Lamanna, E., Lampén, T., Lara, V., Lefebure, V., Lockman, W., Longo, F., Magni, S., Maire, M., Minamimoto, K., Mora de Freitas, P., Murakami, K., Nartallo, R., Nieminen, P., Ohtsubo, K., Okamura, M., O'Neale, S., Oohata, Y., Paech, K., Perl, J., Pfeiffer, A., Ranjard, F., Sadilov, S., Sasaki, T., Savvas, N., Sawada, Y., Sei, S., Sirotenko, V., Smith, D., Starkov, N., Stoecker, H., Sulkimo, J., Takahata, M., Tanaka, S., Safai Tehrani, E., Truscott, P., Uno, H., Urban, L., Urban, P., Verderi, M., Wander, W., Wellisch, J.P., Wenaus, T., Williams, D.C., Wright, D., Yamada, T., Yoshida, H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 2003
• Subjects: Distributed software development; Geometrical modelling; Object-oriented technology; Particle interactions; Simulation; Software engineering; 23; 13; Object-oriented technology; Distributed software development; Simulation; 07.05.Tp; Particle interactions; Geometrical modelling; Software engineering
• ISSN: 0168-9002; 1872-9576
• DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

G eant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics.