Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Ethyl- em>p /em>-methoxycinnamate, an Anti-inflammatory Constituent, from em>Kaempferia galanga /em> L. Extracts

This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Kaempferia galanga (KG) using an activity-guided approach. KG rhizomes were serially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. These extracts (2 g/kg each) were tested for their ability to inhibit carrageenan-induced rat paw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 7; pp. 8720 - 8734
Main Authors Ashfaq Ahmed, Rabia Altaf, Mun Fei Yam, Item J. Atangwho, Mohd Zaini Asmawi, Amirin Sadikun, Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.07.2012
Subjects
anti-inflammatory activity
carrageenan-induced edema
cyclooxygenase
ethyl- p -methoxycinnamate
Kaempferia galanga
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Summary:This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Kaempferia galanga (KG) using an activity-guided approach. KG rhizomes were serially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. These extracts (2 g/kg each) were tested for their ability to inhibit carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The chloroform extract was found to exert the highest inhibition (42.9%) compared to control ( p < 0.001), hence it was further fractionated by washing serially with hexane, hexane-chloroform (1:1) and chloroform. The chloroform fraction (1 g/kg) showed the highest inhibitory effect (51.9%, p < 0.001) on carrageenan-induced edema. This chloroform fraction was further fractionated with hexane-chloroform (1:3) and chloroform, and of the two fractions, the hexane-chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective in inhibiting edema (53.7%, p < 0.001). GC-MS analysis of the active sub-fraction identified ethyl- p -methoxycinnamate (EPMC) as the major component, which was re-crystallized. EPMC dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced edema with an MIC of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, in an in vitro study, EPMC non-selectively inhibited the activities of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, with IC 50 values of 1.12 µM and 0.83 µM respectively. These results validate the anti-inflammatory activity of KG which may be exerted by the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. EPMC isolated from this plant may be the active anti-inflammatory agent.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules17078720