A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Opportunities, Advancements, and Challenges

• Published in: Journal of University College of Medicine and Dentistry Vol. 3; no. 2
• Main Authors: Asima Mehboob Khan, Shaista Faheem, Arham Yahya Khan, Rizwan Taj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: University of Lahore 01.05.2024
• Subjects: Advancements; Artificial Intelligence; Challenges; Healthcare Services; Opportunities
• ISSN: 2790-3443; 2790-3451
• DOI: 10.51846/jucmd.v3i2.3156

Objective: To analyze opportunities, advancements, and challenges in the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare services. Methodology: Studies published between 2020 and 2023 were systematically searched following PRISMA guidelines, and selected from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, by using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and key words related to AI and healthcare services. Selected studies included data on AI's contributions in addressing challenges and opportunities in healthcare. The systematic search and screening process identified a total of 200 records, from which 40 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Among these, 15 of them were selected for further review and analysis. The selected studies explored AI applications in clinical decision-making, diagnostics, telemedicine, vaccine research, robotics in neurorehabilitation, and ethical challenges. Results: Out of the 15 studies included, 12 of them highlighted the advancements and opportunities, whereas 6 of them highlighted the challenges, as 3 out these 15 studies had overlapping results, and included data on both opportunities and challenges. AI's potential in enhancing diagnostics, treatment, patient care, vaccine research, and neurorehabilitation are the main opportunities and advancements observed, alongside challenges such as data security, bias, ethical concerns, and the need for regulatory standards. Conclusion: From improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care to addressing challenges in healthcaredelivery, AI technologies offer promising solutions. However, challenges such as data security, bias, ethical concerns, and regulatory standards remain critical areas requiring further attention and research.