CPAP vs therapy in infants being transported due to acute respiratory failure

Objective: The aims of our study were to assess the effectiveness and safety of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the transport of infants with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and to compare the disease course and clinical outcomes of CPAP vs oxygen therapy in the PICU setting. Mater...

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Published inAnales de Pediatría Vol. 93; no. 3; pp. 152 - 160
Main Authors Raquel Manso Ruiz de la Cuesta, Pablo del Villar Guerra, Alberto Medina Villanueva, Vicent Modesto Alapont, Cristina Molinos Norniella, María José Bartolomé Albistegui, Verónica García González
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Elsevier 01.09.2020
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Summary:Objective: The aims of our study were to assess the effectiveness and safety of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the transport of infants with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and to compare the disease course and clinical outcomes of CPAP vs oxygen therapy in the PICU setting. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study by reviewing the health records of infants with ARF aged 0–12 months that required interhospital transfer to the PICU. Results: We included 110 patients: 71 transported with CPAP and 39 with oxygen therapy. The main cause of ARF was acute bronchiolitis (81.8%). The median level of CPAP was 7 cmH2O (interquartile range, 6–7). Controlling for the values prior to transfer in the specific multivariate models, we found that CPAP achieved a significant decrease in the Wood-Downes score (β = –1.08; 95% CI = –1.76 to –0.40; P =  .002) and the heart rate ( β = –19.64; 95% CI = –28.46 to –10.81; P <  .001). No patients required endotracheal intubation during transport. During the PICU stay, the intubation rate was similar in the CPAP group (7%) and the oxygen therapy group (5.1%) (P = .689). The proportion of patients that required bilevel positive airway pressure within 6 h of admission to the PICU was higher in the oxygen therapy group: 100% (11/11) vs 69.2% (18/26), P = .04. Conclusions: Early administration of CPAP to infants with ARF was a safe respiratory support intervention during interhospital transport. During patient transport, the use of CPAP achieved greater decreases in the Wood-Downes score and heart rate compared to oxygen therapy. Resumen: Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de la presión continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) en lactantes trasladados por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) y comparar el curso clínico y la evolución en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) de los pacientes trasladados con dicha terapia vs la oxigenoterapia convencional. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y analítico de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se revisaron las historias de los lactantes de 0 a 12 meses con IRA que precisaron traslado interhospitalario a la UCIP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 110 pacientes: 71 trasladados con CPAP y 39 con oxigenoterapia. La causa principal de IRA fue la bronquiolitis (81,8%). La mediana del nivel de CPAP fue 7 cmH2O (rango intercuartílico, 6-7). Controlando en análisis multivariables específicos por los valores previos, se obtuvo que la CPAP durante el traslado produjo una disminución significativa en el score de Wood-Downes (beta = -1,08; IC 95% = -1,76 - 0,40; p = 0,002 y en la frecuencia cardiaca beta = -19,64, IC 95% = - 28,46 – -10,81; p < 0,001. Ningún pacientes precisó intubación endotraqueal durante el transporte. En la UCIP, la tasa de intubación fue similar en el grupo CPAP 7% y en el de oxigenoterapia 5,1% p = 0,689. El porcentaje de pacientes que precisaron ventilación no invasiva con dos niveles de presión en las primeras 6 horas de ingreso en UCIP fue mayor en el grupo oxigenoterapia: 100% (11/11) vs 69,2% (18/26), p = 0,04. Conclusiones: La administración precoz de CPAP en lactantes es segura durante el traslado interhospitalario. Durante el transporte, la CPAP comparada con la oxigenoterapia disminuye el score de Wood-Downes y la frecuencia cardiaca.
ISSN:2341-2879
2341-2879