Revisiting chlorophyll data along the coast in north-central Chile, considering multiscale environmental variability Reinterpretando datos de clorofila en la costa centro-norte de Chile, considerando variabilidad ambiental de multiescala

Phytoplankton abundance in the surface mixed layer of the coastal ocean responds to environmental changes at various time scales. Here the "warm", "cold" and "neutral" phases of "three environmental cycles" have been jointly considered to assess chlorophyll-a...

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Published inRevista chilena de historia natural Vol. 79; no. 2; pp. 213 - 223
Main Authors VIVIAN MONTECINO, M. ALEJANDRA PAREDES, PEDRO PAOLINI, JOSÉ RUTLLANT
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published BMC 01.06.2006
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Summary:Phytoplankton abundance in the surface mixed layer of the coastal ocean responds to environmental changes at various time scales. Here the "warm", "cold" and "neutral" phases of "three environmental cycles" have been jointly considered to assess chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) biomass variability for both the active and relaxed phases of the local, wind-driven coastal upwelling: (i) the interannual ENSO cycle (ii) the annual (seasonal) cycle and (iii) the intraseasonal cycle associated with equatorially-sourced, ocean trapped-waves along the coast in northern Chile. The main goal of this study is to quantitatively assess the variability of the depth- integrated Chl-a biomass in the euphotic zone (¾Chl-a) in terms of an overall "environmental condition" over a 50 km upwelling sensitive coastal strip, revisiting published and unpublished Chl-a ship (Cship = Chl-a + Phaeopigments) data. All possible "environmental conditions" combinations were further ranked into seven "environmental indices" ranging from 0 ("absolutely cold") to 6 ("absolutely warm"). Out of 332 samples of ¾Chl-a, 198/134 were obtained during active/relaxed upwelling conditions from which 24/38 and 30/36 samples were associated with the simultaneous occurrence of at least two "cold"/"warm" phases of the three environmental cycles ("cold"/"warm" environmental conditions), respectively. Lower ¾Chl-a values during "cold" and "warm" environmental conditions relative to the "neutral" ones reached statistical significance for both active and relaxed conditions (144/60 samples respectively). Higher turbulent mixing during "cold" environmental conditions and a deeper nutricline during "warm" ones would explain lower ¾Chl-a-values. Satellite chlorophyll (Csat) data obtained in clear skies (active upwelling only), showed a similar distribution to those of ¾Chl-a when classified into the corresponding "environmental indices". These results suggest that during "neutral" (transitional) "environmental conditions", nutrient supply, mean light exposure and mixing thresholds, including biological interactions, could be more effective in producing a higher phytoplankton biomass, in spite of a larger dispersionLa abundancia de fitoplancton en la capa de mezcla superficial del océano costero responde a cambios ambientales en diferentes escalas de tiempo. Aquí se han considerado conjuntamente las fases "cálida", "fría" y "neutra" de "tres ciclos ambientales" para estimar la variabilidad de la biomasa de la clorofila (Chl-a) para las fases activa y relajada de la surgencia costera inducida por el viento local: (i) el ciclo interanual ENOS (ii) el ciclo anual (estacional) y (iii) el ciclo intraestacional asociado con ondas oceánicas atrapadas a lo largo de la costa en el norte de Chile. El objetivo principal de este estudio es estimar cuantitativamente la variabilidad de la Cl-a integrada en la zona eufótica (¾Chl-a) en términos de una "condición ambiental" conjunta, para la banda costera de 50 km sensible a la surgencia, reinterpretando datos in situ de Chl-a (Cship = Chl-a + Feo pigmentos) publicados y no publicados. Todas las combinaciones posibles de las "condiciones ambientales" se ordenaron en siete "indices ambientales" que van desde 0 ("absolutamente frío") a 6 ("absolutamente cálido"). Del total de 332 muestras de ¾Chl-a, 198/134 se obtuvieron en condiciones de surgencia activa/relajada, de las cuales 24/38 y 30/36 muestras estuvieron asociadas con al menos dos fases frías/cálidas, de los tres ciclos ambientales (condiciones ambientales "fría"/"cálida") respectivamente. Los menores valores de ¾Chl-a durante las condiciones ambientales "frías" y "cálidas" respecto de las "neutras" alcanzaron significancia estadística tanto en surgencia activa como relajada (144/60 muestras respectivamente). Una mayor mezcla turbulenta durante condiciones ambientales "frías" y una nutriclina más profunda durante las "cálidas" explicarían los menores valores de ¾Chl-a. Datos de clorofila satelital (Csat) obtenidos para cielos despejados (sólo surgencia activa), mostraron una distribución similar a los de la ¾Chl-a cuando se clasificaron dentro de los correspondientes "índices ambientales". Estos resultados sugieren que durante las condiciones ambientales "neutrales" (transicionales), el aporte de nutrientes, la exposición promedio a la luz y los umbrales de turbulencia, incluyendo interacciones biológicas, podrían ser más efectivos en producir una mayor biomasa fitoplanctónica, a pesar de una mayor dispersión
ISSN:0716-078X
0717-6317