酶促酯交换法制备富含神经酸 菜籽油及其品质分析

• Published in: Zhongguo you zhi Vol. 50; no. 5; pp. 49 - 55
• Main Author: 朱家彬，王媛媛，马改琴，李跃凡，李琪，高媛，于修烛 ZHU Jiabin, WANG Yuanyuan, MA Gaiqin, LI Yuefan, LI Qi, GAO Yuan, YU Xiuzhu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 中粮工科（西安）国际工程有限公司 01.05.2025
• Subjects: rapeseed oil; nervonic acid; lipase; transesterification; 菜籽油；神经酸；脂肪酶；酯交换
• ISSN: 1003-7969
• DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.240170

旨在为实际生产加工中制备易于人体吸收的富含神经酸菜籽油产品提供参考，以神经酸乙酯和菜籽油为原料，通过酶促酯交换技术制备富含神经酸菜籽油。以神经酸含量和酯交换率为指标，通过单因素试验对酶促酯交换条件进行了优化，同时分析了酯交换前后菜籽油的脂肪酸组成、sn-2位脂肪酸组成、理化指标〔酸值、过氧化值、共轭二烯值（K232）、共轭三烯值（K268）〕、植物甾醇含量和角鲨烯含量的变化。结果表明：酶促酯交换制备富含神经酸菜籽油的最优条件为神经酸乙酯与菜籽油质量比1∶ 10、Novozym 435脂肪酶添加量（以底物总质量计）8%、反应温度60 ℃、反应时间24 h，在此条件下菜籽油中神经酸含量最高可达11.11%，sn-2位神经酸含量最高达8.92%，酯交换率达到96.61%；酯交换后，菜籽油的氧化指标K232、K268显著上升，但酸值及过氧化值均符合GB/T 1536—2021要求，除豆甾醇外，菜油甾醇、菜籽甾醇、β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯含量显著下降。综上，通过酶促酯交换法制备富含神经酸菜籽油是可行的，但需在反应过程中密切监测油脂质量指标变化。 In order to provide a reference for the preparation of rapeseed oil rich in nervonic acid products that are easily absorbed by human body in the actual production and processing, the rapeseed oil rich in nervonic acid was prepared by enzymatic transesterification with nervonic acid ethyl ester and rapeseed oil as materials. The enzymatic transesterification reaction conditions were optimized by single factor experiment with the nervonic acid content in the product and transesterification rate as indicators. The change of total and sn-2 fatty acid composition, acid value, peroxide value, K232, K268, and phytosterol and squalene contents of the rapeseed oil before and after transesterification were determined. The results showed that the optimal transeseterification conditions were as follows: mass ratio of nervonic acid ethyl ester to rapeseed oil 1∶ 10, Novozym 435 lipase dosage 8%(on the basis of substrates mass), reaction temperature 60 ℃, and reaction time24 h. Under the optimal conditions, the nervonic acid content in the prepared rapeseed oil was up to 11.11% , the nervonic acid content in sn-2 position was up to 8.92%, and the transesterification yield reached 96.61%. After the transesterification, the values of K232,K268 of rapeseed oil increased significantly. However, the acid value and peroxide value met the requirement of GB/T 1536-2021. Moreover, except for stigmasterol, the contents of campesterol, brassicasterol, β-sitosterol, and squalene decreased significantly. In conclusion, it is feasible to prepare rapeseed oil rich in nervonic acid through enzymatic transesterification, but it is necessary to closely monitor the changes in oil quality indicators during the reaction process.