Gender patterns in torture practices committed by Jalisco police (2008-2019)

This article analyzed the torture methods used by the Jalisco state police against 81 victims in the period 2008-2019. All the cases were associated with detainees for participating in alleged crimes, fights, or road incidents. The objective of this research was to identify differences between men a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inNova scientia Vol. 14; no. 28
Main Authors Sánchez Ruiz, Abraham, López Montes de Oca, José Alberto, González González, Rogaciano
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 2022
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Summary:This article analyzed the torture methods used by the Jalisco state police against 81 victims in the period 2008-2019. All the cases were associated with detainees for participating in alleged crimes, fights, or road incidents. The objective of this research was to identify differences between men and women in relation to the methods of physical and emotional suffering during torture. We analyzed 50 human rights recommendations to obtain a sample of 81 citizens. Only those cases with complete information on gender, torture method and municipality where the events occurred were chosen. The information was analyzed with the Chi squared test and the risk factor for cross-sectional studies was estimated through the odds ratio model. There are 7 methods of torture widely applied to men and women. In addition, significant differences were obtained in the application of asphyxia against men and sexual violence against women, although with little frequency. Finally, a risk of 6 times more of experiencing the method of suffocation was found in men, as well as of 9 times more when it occurred in the city of Guadalajara or its metropolitan area. The significant differences identified in the methods of torture perpetrated against women and men are associated with gender-based violence. The police officers who participated in this crime chose methods based on gender stereotypes, generating differentiated and specific effects on their victims. En este trabajo se analizó el patrón de métodos de tortura empleados por policías del estado de Jalisco en contra de 81 ciudadanos civiles en el periodo 2008-2019. Todos los casos se asociaron a detenidos por participar en presuntos delitos, riñas, o incidentes viales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en relación a los métodos de sufrimiento físico y emocional durante la tortura. Se analizaron 50 recomendaciones de derechos humanos para obtener una muestra de 81 ciudadanos. Se eligieron solo aquellos casos con la información completa de género, método de tortura y municipio donde ocurrieron los hechos. La información se analizó con el test de ji al cuadrado y se estimó el factor de riesgo para estudios transversales a través del modelo odds ratio. Se identificaron siete métodos de tortura aplicados de forma generalizada a hombres y mujeres. Además, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la aplicación de asfixia contra hombres y violencia sexual contra mujeres, aunque con escasa frecuencia. Finalmente, se encontró un riesgo seis veces mayor de experimentar el método de asfixia en hombres, y nueve veces mayor cuando ocurrió en la ciudad de Guadalajara o su Zona Metropolitana. Las diferencias significativas identificadas en los métodos de tortura perpetrados contra mujeres y hombres se asocian a la violencia de género. Los policías que participaron de este delito eligieron métodos basados en estereotipos de género, provocando efectos diferenciados y específicos en sus víctimas.
ISSN:2007-0705
2007-0705