Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Chiliadenus montanus (Vhal.) Brullo. grown in vitro

• Published in: Jordan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 611 - 628
• Main Authors: Abu-Darwish, Doaa, Shibli, Rida, Al-Abdallat, Ayed M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 24.09.2024
• ISSN: 1995-7157; 2707-6253
• DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v17i3.2248

This study explores the in vitro cultivation of Chiliadenus montanus (Vhal.) Brullo (Asteraceae), focusing on callus multiplication, in vitro seed germination, phenolic compound production, and antioxidant activity. Callus induction was optimized, followed by multiplication using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest in vitro germination rate of C. montanus seeds (11.6 ± 2.22%) was achieved using half-strength MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃) and 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ BAP. Methanol extracts from wild and in vitro samples were analyzed for Terpinen-4-ol, Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole), and total phenolic content. In vitro microshoots exhibited an elevated Terpinen-4-ol concentration (0.01 ± 0.003 mg/g) compared to wild plants, while the concentrations of Eucalyptol (0.06 ± 0.001 mg/g) were similar in both microshoots and wild plants. Phenolic compound analysis revealed maximum levels in wild plants (30.67 ± 2.82 gallic acid equivalents [GAE]), followed by microshoots (22.81 ± 0.65 GAE), and the lowest in callus (6.37 ± 0.27 GAE). Antioxidant properties, evaluated via the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, indicated superior radical scavenging in wild plants (Inhibitory Concentration 50 [IC₅₀] 32.13 ± 0.83 μg/ml) compared to greenhouse plants (IC₅₀ 221.04 ± 1.34 μg/ml). C. montanus emerges as a potential natural antioxidant source. In conclusion, an effective in vitro production system for phenolic compounds in C. montanus was established, offering a sustainable alternative to wild plant harvesting. The study highlights the potential benefits of C. montanus as a reservoir of bioactive substances and emphasizes the importance of in vitro cultivation for sustainable resource utilization.