Eating disorders

• Published in: Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo Vol. 140; no. 9-10; pp. 673 - 678
• Main Authors: Kontic, Olga, Vasiljevic, Nadja, Trisovic, Marija, Jorga, Jagoda, Lakic, Aneta, Jasovic-Gasic, Miroslava
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2012
• ISSN: 0370-8179; 2406-0895
• DOI: 10.2298/SARH1210673K

Eating disorders are considered chronic diseases of civilization. The most studied and well known are anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia is considered one of the most common psychiatric problems of girls in puberty and adolescence. Due to high mortality and morbidity as well as the increasing expansion of these diseases, it is clear why the amount of research on these diseases is growing worldwide. Eating disorders lead to numerous medical complications, mostly due to late diagnosis. The main characteristic of these diseases is changed behavior in the nutrition, either as an intentional restriction of food, i.e. extreme dieting, or overeating, i.e. binge eating. Extreme dieting, skipping meals, self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and misuse of laxatives and diuretics for the purpose of maintaining or reducing body weight are characteristic forms of compensatory behavior of patients with eating disorder. The most appropriate course of treatment is determined by evaluating the patient?s health condition, associated with behavior and eating habits, the experience of one?s own body, character traits of personality, and consequently the development and functioning of the individual. The final treatment plan is individual. Eating disorders are a growing medical problem even in this part of the world. Prevention should be planned in cooperation with different sectors so as to stop the epidemic of these diseases. Poremecaji ishrane se smatraju hronicnim bolestima civilizacije. Do danas najpoznatiji i najvise proucavani poremecaji ishrane su anoreksija i bulimija nervoza. Anoreksija nervoza se smatra jednim od najcescih psihijatrijskih problema devojaka u pubertetu i adolescenciji. Visoka stopa mortaliteta i morbiditeta, kao i sve veca ekspanzija ovih poremecaja, objasnjavaju povecan broj istrazivanja na ovu temu. Glavna odlika ovih poremecaja jeste izmenjeno ponasanje u ishrani, bilo kao namerna restrikcija hrane, tj. gladovanje, ili uzimanje prevelike kolicine hrane, tj. prejedanje. Gladovanje, ?preskakanje? obroka, namerno izazvano povracanje, preterano vezbanje i zloupotreba laksativa i diuretika radi odrzavanja ili smanjenja telesne tezine cine kompenzatorne oblike ponasanja, tipicne za ove poremecaje. Najbolji tok lecenja se odredjuje na osnovu procene bolesnikovog zdravstvenog stanja, udruzenog s ponasanjem i navikama u ishrani, dozivljajem sopstvenog tela, karakternim osobinama licnosti, kao i samim razvojem i nacinom funkcionisanja pojedinca. Konacan plan lecenja je individualan. Poremecaji ishrane su sve cesci zdravstveni problem i u ovom delu sveta. Prevencija se mora planirati u saradnji razlicitih sektora, kako bi se zaustavila epidemija ovih bolesti.