Pearl millet/cowpea cropping system yields and soil nutrient levels
Pearl millet [Penisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] are important crops in traditional bush-fallow production systems in West Africa. Human population growth is forcing producers to consider alternative cropping systems and fertilizer application to meet food needs,...
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Published in | African crop science journal Vol. 4; no. 4 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
African Crop Science Society
31.12.1996
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Pearl millet [Penisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] and cowpea [Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp] are important crops in traditional bush-fallow
production systems in West Africa. Human population growth is forcing
producers to consider alternative cropping systems and fertilizer
application to meet food needs, by continuous, intercrop and rotational
cropping systems on pearl millet and cowpea grain and stover yield, and
maintaining soft nutrient levels. A long-term cropping system study
with nitrogen applications of zero 20 and 40 kg ha-1 was initiated at
the Cinzana Research Station near Segou, Mali in 1990. The field had a
leached tropical ferruginous (Ustalf) soil. Nitrogen fertilizer
application increased pearl millet and stover yield linearly per year,
but had no effect on cowpea. Rotation with cowpea increased pearl
millet grain yield by 17 to 31% each year between 1991 and 1995, but
had little effect on cowpea yield. Intercropping reduced yield of both
crops every year, but the Land Equivalent Ration indicated a 14 %
average increase in land use efficiency. After four years, soil of
plots with the different cropping systems had similar levels of
nutrients, except for phosphorous which was higher in continuous cowpea
plots. Soil of plots with all cropping systems had lower level of pH,
K, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity than fallow plots, indicating
that all cropping systems were mining soil of nutrients. This research
indicates that nitrogen fertilizer application up to 40 kg/ha and crop
rotation with cowpea increase pearl millet grain and stover yield.
Le mil [Penisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] et le niebe [Vigna unguculata
(L.) Walp] sont des cultures importantes dans les systemes
traditionnels en Afrique de l'Ouest. La croissance demographique pousse
les Producteurs a considerer d'autres systemes alternatifs de culture
et l'utilisation des engrais chimiques pour satisfaire les besoins
alimentaires et maintenir le statut des elements nutritifs du sol.
L'objectif de cette etude etait de determiner les effects des systemes
de monoculture et de rotation sur la production de grains et de
biomasse du mil et du niebe et le niveau des elements nutritifs du sol.
Une etude du stem de culture de longue duree avec l'apport de zero, 20
et 40 kg/hectare a ete initiee a la Station de Recherche Agronomique de
Cinzana non loin de Segou au Mali en 1990. La parcelle experimentale
etait un sol du type "Sols ferrugimeux tropicaux lessives".
L'application de l'engrai azote a augmente le rendement grain et de
biomasse du mil de facon lineaire chaque annee, mais n'a eu aucun effet
sur la production du niebe. L'association du niebe au mil a reduit le
rendement des deux cultures chaque annee, mais le rapport de la surface
equivalente a indique une augmentation moyenne de 14% de l'efficacite
d'utilisation de la terre. Apres quatre annees de culture, les sols des
parcelles portant les differents systemes de culture avaient des
niveaux similaires d'elements nutritifs, a l'exception du phosphore qui
etait plus eleve dans les parcelles de monoculture du niebe. Les sols
des parcelles de tous les systemes de culture avaient des niveaux de
pH, K, Ca, Mg et la capacite d'echange cationique plus bas que ceux de
la jachere, indiquant ainsi que tous les systemes de culture etudies
minaient les sol de ses elements nutritifs. Cette etude montre que
l'appliation de l'azote a la dose de 40 kg/hectare et la rotation avec
le niebe augmente le rendement grain et de bimasse du mil. |
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ISSN: | 1021-9730 |