Optimal strategies for low-noise detection of atoms using resonant frequency modulation spectroscopy in cold atom interferometers

• Main Authors: Thomas, Ryan J, Legge, Samuel R, Haine, Simon A, Close, John D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 12.08.2024
• Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics; Physics - Quantum Physics
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2408.06575

Resonant frequency modulation spectroscopy has been used as a highly-sensitive method for measuring the output of cold-atom interferometers. Using a detailed model that accounts for optical saturation, spatially-varying intensities and atomic densities, and radiation pressure on the atoms, we theoretically investigate under what parameter regimes the optimum signal-to-noise ratio is found under experimentally realistic conditions. We compare this technique to the standard method of fluorescence imaging and find that it outperforms fluorescence imaging for compact interferometers using condensed atomic sources or where the photon collection efficiency is limited. However, we find that fluorescence imaging is likely to be the preferred method when using squeezed atomic sources due to limited atom number.