Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of Balancing in Riderless Electric Scooters
Today, electric scooter is a trendy personal mobility vehicle. The rising demand and opportunities attract ride-share services. A common problem of such services is abandoned e-scooters. An autonomous e-scooter capable of moving to the charging station is a solution. This paper focuses on maintainin...
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Main Authors | , , |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
12.07.2024
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Today, electric scooter is a trendy personal mobility vehicle. The rising
demand and opportunities attract ride-share services. A common problem of such
services is abandoned e-scooters. An autonomous e-scooter capable of moving to
the charging station is a solution. This paper focuses on maintaining balance
for these riderless e-scooters. The paper presents a nonlinear model for an
e-scooter moving with simultaneously varying speed and steering. A PD and a
feedback-linearized PD controller stabilize the model. The stability analysis
shows that the controllers are ultimately bounded even with parameter
uncertainties and measurement inaccuracy. Simulations on a realistic e-scooter
with a general demanding path to follow verify the ultimate boundedness of the
controllers. In addition, the feedback-linearized PD controller outperforms the
PD controller because it has narrower ultimate bounds. Future work focuses on
experiments using a self-balancing mechanism installed on an e-scooter. |
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DOI: | 10.48550/arxiv.2407.09078 |