Classification of the FRW universe with a cosmological constant and a perfect fluid of the equation of state $p = w\rho

• Main Authors: Ha, Te, Huang, Yongqing, Ma, Qianyu, Pechan, Kristen D, Renner, Timothy J, Wu, Zhenbin, Benesh, G. A, Wang, Anzhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 04.05.2009
• Subjects: Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics; Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology; Physics - Popular Physics
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0905.0396

General Relativity and Gravitation: Volume 44, Issue 6 (2012), Page 1433-1458 We systematically study the evolution of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe coupled with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and a perfect fluid that has the equation of state $p=w\rho$, where $p$ and $\rho$ denote, respectively, the pressure and energy density of the fluid, and $w$ is an arbitrary real constant. Depending on the specific values of $w,\; \Lambda$, and the curvature $k$ of 3-dimensional space, we separate all of the solutions into various cases. In each case the main properties of the evolution are given in detail, including the periods of deceleration and/or acceleration, and the existence of big bang, big crunch, and big rip singularities. In some cases, errors in classification and interpretation appearing in standard textbooks have been corrected.