A molecular dynamic investigation of human rhinovirus 3c protease drug target: insights towards the design of potential inhibitors

The 3C protease is distinguished from most proteases due to the presence of cysteine nucleophile that plays an essential role in viral replication. This peculiar structure encompassed with its role in viral replication has promoted 3C protease as an interesting target for therapeutic agents in the t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of biotech research Vol. 13; pp. 177 - 188
Main Authors Buthelezi, Ndumiso M, Amoako, Daniel G, Somboro, Anou M, Yakubu, Ellisau, Khan, Rene B, Kumalo, Hezekiel M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Edmond Bio Tech System 01.01.2022
Subjects
Binding
Chemical compounds
Chirality
Coronaviruses
Crystal structure
Decomposition
Drug development
Dynamic structural analysis
Energy
Enzymes
Free energy
Genomes
Inhibitors
Ligands
Mechanics
Medical treatment
Molecular dynamics
Molecular modelling
Nucleophiles
Pharmacology
Principal components analysis
Protease
Protease inhibitors
Proteinase
Proteinase inhibitors
Proteins
Replication
Residues
Rhinovirus
Simulation
Software
Therapeutic targets
User interface
United States > US
San Francisco California
California
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Summary:The 3C protease is distinguished from most proteases due to the presence of cysteine nucleophile that plays an essential role in viral replication. This peculiar structure encompassed with its role in viral replication has promoted 3C protease as an interesting target for therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases caused by human rhinovirus (HRV). However, the molecular mechanisms surrounding the chirality of inhibitors of HRV 3C protease remain unresolved. Herein using in silico techniques such molecular dynamic simulation and binding free estimations via molecular mechanics poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA), we present a comprehensive molecular dynamics study of the comparison of two potent inhibitors, SG85 and rupintrivir, complexed with HRV3C protease. The binding free energy studies revealed a higher binding affinity for SG85 of 58.853 kcal/mol than that for rupintrivir of 54.0873 kcal/mol and this was found to be in correlation with the experimental data. The energy decomposition analysis showed that residues Leu 127, Thr 142, Ser 144, Gly 145, Tyr 146, Cys 147, His 161, Val 162, Gly 163, Gly 164, Asn 165, and Phe 170 largely contributed to the binding of SG85, whereas His 40, Leu 127, and Gly 163 impacted the binding of rupintrivir. The results further showed that His 40, Glu 71, Leu 127, Cys 147, Gly 163, and Gyl 164 were crucial residues that played a key role in ligand-enzyme binding, and amongst these crucial residues, His 40, Glu 71, and Cys 147 appeared to be conserved in the active site of HRV-3C protease when bound by both inhibitors. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and structural features and would serve as guidance in the design and development of potent novel inhibitors of HRV.
ISSN:1944-3285