ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF SOIL AND PLANT CONDITIONS IN SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREA

• Published in: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM Vol. 2024; no. 5.1; pp. 91 - 98
• Main Authors: Elsukova, Ekaterina, Nedbaev, Ivan, Kraves, Anastasiya, Khloptsova, Daria
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Sofia Surveying Geology & Mining Ecology Management (SGEM) 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Acidity; Air pollution; Animal husbandry; Anthropogenic factors; Bark; Bioindicators; Cadmium; Carbon; Chemical elements; Chromium; Copper; Ecological monitoring; Ecosystems; Environmental monitoring; Flowers & plants; Forests; Heavy metal content; Heavy metals; Human influences; Indicator species; Industrial areas; Iron; Lead; Local population; National parks; Natural environment; Organic matter; Protected areas; Rift zones; Sediments; Soil; Soil composition; Soil mechanics; Soil pollution; Soil profiles; Soil properties; Soils; Statistical analysis; Sulfur; Sulfur compounds; Sulphur; Sulphur compounds; Taiga & tundra; Valleys; Vegetation; Zinc
• ISSN: 1314-2704
• DOI: 10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.12

Environmental monitoring in specially protected areas 1s a vital problem, especially in places subject to anthropogenic impacts. The Tunkinskaya Valley (190 km long) is the western extension of the Baikal rift zone. On the territory of the valley there is a national park of federal significance. At the same time, the territory is subject to intensive anthropogenic load. The Tunkinskaya Valley is an attractive place for tourists. The local population (20,000 people) is engaged in cattle breeding. Industrialized areas of the Baikal region may also have an impact on the valley ecosystems. The paper presents the results of ecological monitoring of soils and vegetation of valley from 2018 to 2022. During the field research, soil profiles were laid out, and vegetation communities in the reference areas were described. More than 100 soil and plant samples were collected. During laboratory studies the organic matter content, mechanical composition of soils, acidity, content of heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in soil samples and pine bark (a proven bioindicator of atmospheric pollution) were determined Within the atomic emission method. Statistical processing of the data was carried out. Acidity in samples of pine bark varies from 3.89 to 5.43, the environment is acidic, which indicates the entry of sulfur compounds into the atmospheric air. Exceedances relative to clarks were obtained for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb. Such exceedances are caused by the wood burning and motor transport using. Exceedances of standards for Cu were found in soils. During our research, the fact that the soils and vegetation of the Tunkinskaya Valley have a great diversity and mosaic distribution was found out. Thus, regular ecological monitoring of changes in the natural environment should be carried out in this park.