Study on the applicability of winter rape alternative planting technologies on cadmium and lead polluted farmland soil in north China

• Published in: Journal of agricultural resources and environment Vol. 40; no. 2; p. 261
• Main Authors: Cao, Liu, He Mengke, Yang Junxing, Zheng Guodi, Guo Junmei, Meng Xiaofei, Li, Yufeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Tianjin Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment (JARE) 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Agricultural land; Agricultural pollution; Brassica; Brassica napus; Butane; Cadmium; Crude oil; Cultivars; Deposition; Efficiency; Enrichment; Field tests; Heavy metals; Lead; Low temperature; Organic fertilizers; Planting; Rape plants; Rapeseed; Rapeseed oil; Soil contamination; Soil pollution; Soils; Technology; Winter; China
• ISSN: 2095-6819; 2095-6819
• DOI: 10.13254/j.jare.2022.0222

为探究冬油菜替代种植技术在我国华北地区镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）污染农田土壤中的适用性特征，本研究在河南省济源市Cd、Pb污染农田开展田间试验，选用冬油菜（Brassica napus）秦油1号和三月黄为供试植物，在不同大气沉降和土壤污染程度条件下研究两种供试油菜不同部位中Cd、Pb含量及富集量，油菜对土壤中Cd、Pb的去除率，以及菜籽油和饼粕中Cd、Pb含量。结果表明，秦油1号油菜生物量普遍高于三月黄。三月黄油菜对Cd富集量较高，达9.469 g·hm-2，秦油1号对Pb富集量较高，达53.856 g·hm-2，整体上两种油菜对土壤中Cd的去除率（0.081%~0.843%）高于对Pb的去除率（0.000 6%~0.074 3%）。在大气沉降程度较低但土壤污染严重的试验区，两种油菜吸收的Cd均集中在茎部，Pb集中在根部；而在大气沉降程度较高的试验区，不同的土壤污染程度下，油菜将吸收的Cd、Pb更多富集在荚部。在常规物理压榨和丁烷低温萃取两种不同制油工艺处理下，菜籽毛油和饼粕中Cd、Pb含量均较低，符合国家相关标准，菜籽油可安全食用，油菜饼粕可作为饲料或有机肥利用。综上，在我国华北地区典型大气沉降及重金属污染农田，单作冬油菜替代种植技术具有一定的应用和推广价值，可实现重金属污染农田安全利用。Field experiments were carried out in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminated soil in Jiyuan City, Henan Province to explore the applicability of winter rape alternative planting technologies in Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmland soils in north China. Winter rape (Brassica napus) Qinyou-1 (QY-1) and Sanyuehuang (SYH) were selected as the test plants. The Cd and Pb contents in different parts of the rape, the enrichment amount, the removal efficiency, and the Cd and Pb c