Histopathological study on nephropathy caused by oral administration with melamine and cyanuric acid in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)

• Published in: Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 328 - 334
• Main Authors: Mahardika, Ketut, Mastuti, Indah, Zafran, Zafran
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cluj-Napoca Bioflux SRL 01.04.2017
• Subjects: Appetite; Baby foods; Catfish; Chromatography; Contamination; Cromileptes altivelis; Crystal structure; Cyanuric acid; FDA approval; Feeds; Fish; Food contamination; Food contamination & poisoning; Food production; Food products; Histopathology; Marine fishes; Mass spectrometry; Melamine; Mortality; Nephropathy; Nitrogen; Oral administration; Organic chemistry; Pet food; Petfoods; Plastics; Proteins; R&D; Renal failure; Renal tubules; Research & development; Satiety; Scientific imaging; Tilapia; Total mortality; Triazine; United States > US; China; Indonesia
• ISSN: 1844-8143; 1844-9166

Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) is a chemical, which is originally used to make durable plastic for dishes and countertops. Melamine contamination incidents had been reported in pet food ingredients or products and caused the deaths of pet animals as a result of kidney failure. The purpose of this study was to know the histopathological-effect of oral administration of melamine and cyanuric acid in humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis. A total of 200 fishes were given commercial pellet containing melamine and cyanuric acid with dosage as follows: (a) 200 mg of melamine/kg of pellet, (b) 200 mg of cyanuric acid kg-1 of pellet, (c) 100 mg of each compound of melamine and cyanuric acid kg-1 of pellet, and (d) control without melamine and cyanuric acid Each treatment was repeated in two periods: period I was done with 20 fish per tank and period II with 30 fish per tank. All fishes were fed twice a day at satiation for three months. The result of the experiment has shown the fish fed commercial feed containing both of melamine and cyanuric acid became weak and lost appetite after 20 days. The fish death occurred after 25 days of oral administration. Treatment A resulted in total mortality of 80% in period I and II, treatment B 60% in period I and 55% in period II, treatment C 80% in period I and II. No mortality occurred in control treatment within both experimental periods. Histopathological observation showed renal failure indicated by renal nephropathy and crystal like structure in renal tubules.