Three-Dimensional Impedance Tomographic Mapping of Metabolically Active Endolumen

Abstract Real-time detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a high content of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-laden macrophages or foam cells, remains an unmet clinical need. While fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization in angiographically intermedia...

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Published inbioRxiv
Main Authors Abiri, Parinaz, Luo, Yuan, Zi-Yu, Huang, Roustaei, Mehrdad, Duarte-Vogel, Sandra, Cui, Quinyu, Sevag Packard, René R, Ebrahimi, Ramin, Benharash, Peyman, Yu-Chong, Tai, Hsiai, Tzung K
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Cold Spring Harbor Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 25.09.2020
Subjects
Arteriosclerosis
Carotid artery
Computer applications
Electrical impedance
High fat diet
Lesions
Low density lipoprotein
Macrophages
Mapping
Mathematical models
Plaques
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
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Summary:Abstract Real-time detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a high content of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-laden macrophages or foam cells, remains an unmet clinical need. While fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization in angiographically intermediate stenoses is utilized to assess hemodynamic significance, in vivo detection of oxLDL-rich plaques may provide a new paradigm for treating metabolically unstable lesions. Herein, we have demonstrated endoluminal mapping of lipid-laden lesions using 3-D electrical impedance spectroscopy-derived impedance tomography (EIT) in a pre-clinical swine model. We performed surgical banding of the right carotid arteries of Yucatan mini-pigs, followed by 16 weeks of high-fat diet, to promote the development of lipid-rich lesions. We implemented an intravascular sensor combining an FFR pressure transducer with a 6-point micro-electrode array for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. 3-D EIT mapping was achieved using an EIS-based reconstruction algorithm. We demonstrated that EIT mapping corresponds to endoluminal histology for oxLDL-laden lesions. We further used computational models to theoretically predict and validate EIS measurements. Thus, our 3-D EIS-derived EIT provides in vivo detection of metabolically active plaques with the goal of guiding optimal intravascular intervention. One Sentence Summary This work demonstrates in vivo mapping of oxidized LDL-laden endolumen by deploying an intravascular dual-sensor to a swine model of atherosclerosis. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
DOI:10.1101/2020.09.24.312025