Joint image and field map estimation for multi‐echo hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging of the heart

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 86; no. 1; pp. 258 - 276
• Main Authors: Traechtler, Julia, Vishnevskiy, Valery, Fuetterer, Maximilian, Kozerke, Sebastian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.07.2021
• Subjects: B0 correction; chemical shift encoding; Data acquisition; distortion correction; field inhomogeneities; Geometric accuracy; Heart; hyperpolarized 13C; Image acquisition; Image processing; Image reconstruction; In vivo methods and tests; Metabolism; Metabolites; multi‐echo acquisition; Optimization; Pyruvic acid; Resonance; Simulation; Spilling
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28710

Purpose Image reconstruction of metabolic images from hyperpolarized 13C multi‐echo data acquisition is sensitive to susceptibility‐induced phase offsets, which are particularly challenging in the heart. A model‐based framework for joint estimation of metabolite images and field map from echo shift–encoded data is proposed. Using simulations, it is demonstrated that correction of signal spilling due to incorrect decomposition of metabolites and geometrical distortions over a wide range of off‐resonance gradients is possible. In vivo feasibility is illustrated using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in the pig heart. Methods The model‐based reconstruction for multi‐echo, multicoil data was implemented as a nonconvex minimization problem jointly optimizing for metabolic images and B0. A comprehensive simulation framework for echo shift–encoded hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate imaging was developed and applied to assess reconstruction performance and distortion correction of the proposed method. In vivo data were obtained in four pigs using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate on a clinical 3T MR system with a six‐channel receiver coil. Dynamic images were acquired during suspended ventilation using cardiac‐triggered multi‐echo single‐shot echo‐planar imaging in short‐axis orientation. Results Simulations revealed that off‐resonance gradients up to ±0.26 ppm/pixel can be corrected for with reduced signal spilling and geometrical distortions yielding an accuracy of ≥90% in terms of Dice similarity index. In vivo, improved geometrical consistency (10% Dice improvement) compared to image reconstruction without field map correction and with reference to anatomical data was achieved. Conclusion Joint image and field map estimation allows addressing off‐resonance‐induced geometrical distortions and metabolite spilling in hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging of the heart.