Profiling the Mortality due to Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jaipur during the Current Season--January & February 2015

• Published in: Journal of the Association of Physicians of India Vol. 63; no. 4; pp. 36 - 39
• Main Authors: Sharma, Raman, Agarwal, Sujata, Mehta, Sudhir, Nawal, C L, Bhandari, Sudhir, Rathore, Monika, Agarwal, Abhishek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India 01.04.2015
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Disease Progression; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; India - epidemiology; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human - mortality; Influenza, Human - therapy; Influenza, Human - virology; Male; Middle Aged; Oseltamivir - therapeutic use; Pneumonia, Viral - mortality; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy; Pneumonia, Viral - virology; Risk Factors; Sepsis - mortality; Sepsis - therapy; Sepsis - virology; Sex Factors; Tertiary Care Centers; Time Factors; Young Adult; India
• ISSN: 0004-5772

The onset of winter of 2014-2015 saw an alarming spurt in influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 leading to a significant mortality. Rajasthan was one of the foremost affected state bearing the frontal attack in which majority of deaths occurred early and in the young. To sketch out the mortality profile with respect to demographic and clinical progression with an aim to identify the groups, this virus conspicuously picked up with a perspective to control some of the avoidable factors. We analyzed the epidemiological data in 76 RT-PCR confirmed deaths of H1N1 patients that occurred between 1st January 2015 and 28 February 2015 over a period of 59 days at SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur. A total of 412 patients got hospitalized during two months period from 1st January 2015 to 28th February 2015, out of which 76 fatal cases presenting with category C symptoms along with radiological evidence of bilateral pneumonia were analyzed. 48.6% deaths occurred in the 18-40 years of age group. The mean age being 44.01 ± 15.07 years. Females had a marginally increased mortality rate (F: M-1.23:1). The mean time of onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 6.79 ± 4.63 days. Fifty-one (67.1% 0) patients were from urban areas, whereas 25 (32.89%) belonged to rural areas. Only 7.83% patients presented within 24 - 48 hours whereas 46% presented within 5 days of onset of symptoms. 66.9% succumbed within 5 days of hospitalization, despite of starting Oseltamivir in a dose of 150 mg/bd on the day of admission. 64.5% had predisposing risk factors. Bilateral pneumonia was observed in all the 76 patients, septicemia in 21.12%, MODS in 30.26% and AKI in 9.21%. The in-hospital mortality of 17.79% despite of starting Oseltamivir has raised concern about identifying the so called "Rapid Progressors" [66.9% succumbing within 5 days of hospitalization]. As a corollary of this analysis the authors are of the opinion that a rejig of the existing guidelines to identify and treat influenza like illness be made available at the national level. What factors promote rapid progression especially in a group without any predisposing risk condition should form the focus of future studies. As risk group individuals formed a major chunk of deaths, the need to vaccinate this group should form a scaffold on which future directions and interventions have to be built up to combat the morbidity and mortality.