Use of dried blood spots in early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers as part of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Benin

• Published in: Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) Vol. 109; no. 3; pp. 155 - 159
• Main Authors: Tchiakpe, E, Hounto-Ogouyemi, A, Diop Ndiaye, H, Diouara, A A M, Aïssi, A K, Keke, R K, Kpangon, A A, Lafia, B, Métadokou, D, Bouraïma, B, Anthony, D, Hounsinou, A, Alao, M J, Azondekon, A, Ahouidi, A D, Bei, A K, Mbengue, M A S, Touré Kane, C, Zannou, D M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: French
• Published: France 01.08.2016
• Subjects: Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use; Benin - epidemiology; Chemoprevention; Dried Blood Spot Testing - methods; Early Diagnosis; Female; HIV Infections - congenital; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases - blood; Infant, Newborn, Diseases - diagnosis; Infant, Newborn, Diseases - epidemiology; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - statistics & numerical data; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - methods; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - blood; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - diagnosis; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology; HIV-1; Antiretroviral prophylaxis; Benin; Early diagnosis; Breastfeeding; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mother-to-child transmission
• ISSN: 0037-9085; 1961-9049
• DOI: 10.1007/s13149-016-0509-y

The goal of this study was to evaluate using the molecular diagnosis, infection transmission rate of HIV in children born to HIV-1 positive mothers as part of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in Benin. The sample consisted of 524 dried blood spots (DBS) of children born to HIV-1 positive mothers, from 30 sites (PMTCT) taken between October 2009 and June 2010. The diagnosis of HIV-1 was performed by the qualitative detection of viral nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) in DBS on filter paper using the Abbott RealTime(®) HIV-1 Qualitative assay. We found that 51 DBS were positive (9.7%) and 473 were negative (90.3%). The failure rate of PMTCT among 420 mothers who received antiretroviral prophylaxis was 6.7% (28/420). This failure rate was significantly higher among children born to infected mothers on antiretroviral monotherapy than on triple therapy (HAART). The results of our study enrich the data in the literature on highly active antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis to reduce the transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child.