Prophylactic Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Results in Equivalent Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence at High Altitude: A Prospective Randomized Trial

• Published in: Wilderness & environmental medicine Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 72 - 78
• Main Authors: Kanaan, Nicholas C, Peterson, Alicia L, Pun, Matiram, Holck, Peter S, Starling, Jennifer, Basyal, Bikash, Freeman, Thomas F, Gehner, Jessica R, Keyes, Linda, Levin, Dana R, O'Leary, Catherine J, Stuart, Katherine E, Thapa, Ghan B, Tiwari, Aditya, Velgersdyk, Jared L, Zafren, Ken, Basnyat, Buddha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.06.2017
• Subjects: Acetaminophen - therapeutic use; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Altitude Sickness - drug therapy; Altitude Sickness - prevention & control; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ibuprofen - therapeutic use; Male; Middle Aged; Mountaineering; Nepal; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; acetaminophen; Everest; drug trials; ibuprofen; Nepal; altitude illness; prevention
• ISSN: 1545-1534
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2016.12.011

Recent trials have demonstrated the usefulness of ibuprofen in the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS), yet the proposed anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unconfirmed. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen were tested for AMS prevention. We hypothesized that a greater clinical effect would be seen from ibuprofen due to its anti-inflammatory effects compared with acetaminophen's mechanism of possible symptom reduction by predominantly mediating nociception in the brain. A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted testing acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for the prevention of AMS. A total of 332 non-Nepali participants were recruited at Pheriche (4371 m) and Dingboche (4410 m) on the Everest Base Camp trek. The participants were randomized to either acetaminophen 1000 mg or ibuprofen 600 mg 3 times a day until they reached Lobuche (4940 m), where they were reassessed. The primary outcome was AMS incidence measured by the Lake Louise Questionnaire score. Data from 225 participants who met inclusion criteria were analyzed. Twenty-five participants (22.1%) in the acetaminophen group and 18 (16.1%) in the ibuprofen group developed AMS (P = .235). The combined AMS incidence was 19.1% (43 participants), 14 percentage points lower than the expected AMS incidence of untreated trekkers in prior studies at this location, suggesting that both interventions reduced the incidence of AMS. We found little evidence of any difference between acetaminophen and ibuprofen groups in AMS incidence. This suggests that AMS prevention may be multifactorial, affected by anti-inflammatory inhibition of the arachidonic-acid pathway as well as other analgesic mechanisms that mediate nociception. Additional study is needed.