The diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension in patients on hemodialysis treatment and after a kidney allograft

• Published in: Urologiia i nefrologiia no. 3; p. 23
• Main Authors: Mazo, E B, Akopian, A S, Iankovoĭ, A G, Koriakin, M V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Russia (Federation) 01.05.1990
• Subjects: Adult; Captopril - therapeutic use; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans; Hypertension - blood; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - therapy; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic - complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Nephrectomy; Postoperative Complications - blood; Postoperative Complications - diagnosis; Postoperative Complications - therapy; Renal Dialysis; Renin - blood; Transplantation, Homologous
• ISSN: 0042-1154

Analysis of examination and treatment of 104 patients who were periodically exposed to hemodialysis and 60 persons who sustained the allotransplantation of a cadaveric kidney enabled the authors to reveal the incidence of arterial hypertension before and after the transplantation. Pronounced arterial hypertension (AH) was documented in patients who were treated with hemodialysis sessions for the proper renal diseases developed in angionephrosclerosis (chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis). In those who sustained the transplantation, AH was pronounced in case of acute of chronic rejection, transplanted artery stenosis of renal renin hyperproduction. Higher incidence of AH (2.3-fold higher) was observed in posttransplantation patients with the native kidney left. It correlated with higher peripheral plasma renin activity (RRA). The authors suggested that the scheme should be used for the diagnosis of AH manifestation both before and after the transplantation which included the account for the cause of the disease terminal stage, the character of the AH variance in hemodialysis captopril testing, radiocardiographic examination, indirect renal angiography (99-Tc pertechnetate) or selective blood testing for RPA in case bilateral nephrectomy should be made in two stages. For the patients who had sustained the transplantation of the kidney, the diagnostic scheme should include a double pulse Doppler sonography, arteriographic investigation of the transplant and pharmacorenography with a captopril load test. Advisability of captopril stimulation of renin secretion during the selective sampling of the blood was demonstrated. The authors verified the time-course of renin activity, the concentration of aldosterone, cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone in patients with a history of bilateral nephrectomy, defined the indications for bilateral nephrectomy associated with AH and discussed its possible outcomes.