A central mechanism of analgesia in mice and humans lacking the sodium channel Na V 1.7

• Published in: Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 109; no. 9; p. 1497
• Main Authors: MacDonald, Donald Iain, Sikandar, Shafaq, Weiss, Jan, Pyrski, Martina, Luiz, Ana P, Millet, Queensta, Emery, Edward C, Mancini, Flavia, Iannetti, Gian D, Alles, Sascha R A, Arcangeletti, Manuel, Zhao, Jing, Cox, James J, Brownstone, Robert M, Zufall, Frank, Wood, John N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Limited 05.05.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Analgesia; Animals; Anosmia; Antagonists; Calcium (extracellular); Calcium imaging; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mutation; Naloxone; Narcotics; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel - deficiency; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel - genetics; Neurons; Neurotransmitter release; Olfaction disorders; Olfaction Disorders - congenital; Olfaction Disorders - genetics; Olfactory receptor neurons; Olfactory Receptor Neurons - metabolism; Opioids; Pain; Pain - genetics; Pain perception; Physiology; Sensory neurons; Sodium channels (voltage-gated); Spinal cord; Synaptic transmission; Synaptic Transmission - physiology; human genetics; pain; sodium channels; endogenous opioids; analgesia; Na(V)1.7; neurotransmitter release
• ISSN: 0896-6273; 1097-4199
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.012

Deletion of SCN9A encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Na 1.7 in humans leads to profound pain insensitivity and anosmia. Conditional deletion of Na 1.7 in sensory neurons of mice also abolishes pain, suggesting that the locus of analgesia is the nociceptor. Here we demonstrate, using in vivo calcium imaging and extracellular recording, that Na 1.7 knockout mice have essentially normal nociceptor activity. However, synaptic transmission from nociceptor central terminals in the spinal cord is greatly reduced by an opioid-dependent mechanism. Analgesia is also reversed substantially by central but not peripheral application of opioid antagonists. In contrast, the lack of neurotransmitter release from olfactory sensory neurons is opioid independent. Male and female humans with Na 1.7-null mutations show naloxone-reversible analgesia. Thus, inhibition of neurotransmitter release is the principal mechanism of anosmia and analgesia in mouse and human Nav1.7-null mutants.