Comorbidity in context : Part 2. Ethicolegal considerations around HIV and tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

• Published in: South African medical journal Vol. 110; no. 7; pp. 625 - 628
• Main Authors: Nienaber, A.G., Moodley, K., Boswell, M.T., Rossouw, T.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: South Africa South African Medical Association NPC 01.07.2020
• Subjects: Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification; Coinfection; Coronavirus Infections - economics; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology; Coronavirus Infections - therapy; COVID-19; Health Care Rationing - methods; Health Services Needs and Demand - organization & administration; HIV Infections - epidemiology; Humans; Intensive Care Units - economics; Intensive Care Units - standards; Pandemics - economics; Patient Selection - ethics; Pneumonia, Viral - economics; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy; Resource Allocation - ethics; Resource Allocation - legislation & jurisprudence; SARS-CoV-2; South Africa - epidemiology; Triage - economics; Triage - ethics; Triage - legislation & jurisprudence; Tuberculosis - epidemiology; South Africa
• ISSN: 0256-9574; 2078-5135
• DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i7.14857

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought discussions around the appropriate and fair rationing of scare resources to the forefront. This is of special importance in a country such as South Africa (SA), where scarce resources interface with high levels of need. A large proportion of the SA population has risk factors associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Many people are also potentially medically and socially vulnerable secondary to the high levels of infection with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in the country. This is the second of two articles. The first examined the clinical evidence regarding the inclusion of HIV and TB as comorbidities relevant to intensive care unit (ICU) admission triage criteria. Given the fact that patients with HIV or TB may potentially be excluded from admission to an ICU on the basis of an assumption of lack of clinical suitability for critical care, in this article we explore the ethicolegal implications of limiting ICU access of persons living with HIV or TB. We argue that all allocation and rationing decisions must be in terms of SA law, which prohibits unfair discrimination. In addition, ethical decision-making demands accurate and evidence-based strategies for the fair distribution of limited resources. Rationing decisions and processes should be fair and based on visible and consistent criteria that can be subjected to objective scrutiny, with the ultimate aim of ensuring accountability, equity and fairness.