Cardiac Endocrinology: Heart-Derived Hormones in Physiology and Disease

• Published in: JACC. Basic to translational science Vol. 5; no. 9; pp. 949 - 960
• Main Authors: Zhao, Juanjuan, Pei, Liming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier 01.09.2020
• Subjects: State-of-the-Art Review; PCSK, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type; FSTL, follistatin-like; CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide; ActR, activin receptor; GDF15; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; cardiac endocrinology; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; heart; ST2, suppression of tumorigenesis-2; TGF, transforming growth factor; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; NPR, natriuretic peptide receptors; GFRAL, GDNF family receptor α-like; heart-derived hormones; GDF, growth differentiation factor
• ISSN: 2452-302X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.007

The heart plays a central role in the circulatory system and provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the whole organism. The heart can synthesize and secrete endocrine signals to communicate with distant target organs. Studies of long-known and recently discovered heart-derived hormones highlight a shared theme and reveal a unified mechanism of heart-derived hormones in coordinating cardiac function and target organ biology. This paper reviews the biochemistry, signaling, function, regulation, and clinical significance of representative heart-derived hormones, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses important and exciting questions that will advance the field of cardiac endocrinology.