Cellular pathology of Parkinson's disease: astrocytes, microglia and inflammation

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurological disorder of the basal ganglia, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Inflammatory processes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Act...

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Published inCell and tissue research Vol. 318; no. 1; pp. 149 - 161
Main Authors Teismann, Peter, Schulz, Jörg B
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Springer Nature B.V 01.10.2004
Subjects
Animals
Astrocytes - pathology
Encephalitis - pathology
Humans
Microglia - pathology
Parkinson Disease - immunology
Parkinson Disease - pathology
Parkinson's disease
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Summary:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurological disorder of the basal ganglia, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Inflammatory processes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Activated microglia, as well as to a lesser extent reactive astrocytes, are found in the area associated with cell loss, possibly contributing to the inflammatory process by the release of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins or cytokines. Further deleterious factors released by activated microglia or astrocytes are reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, they may mediate neuroprotective properties by the release of trophic factors or the uptake of glutamate. In this review, we will discuss the different aspects of activated glial cells and potential mechanisms that mediate or protect against cell loss in PD.
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ISSN:0302-766X
1432-0878
DOI:10.1007/s00441-004-0944-0