Changes in Renal Function After Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer in Elderly Patients

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 6; p. e61479
• Main Authors: Kawamura, Tatsuya, Ikarashi, Daiki, Machida, Arisa, Tamura, Daichi, Matsuura, Tomohiko, Maekawa, Shigekatsu, Kato, Renpei, Kanehira, Mitsugu, Takata, Ryo, Obara, Wataru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 01.06.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Disease; FDA approval; Hydronephrosis; Medical history; Medical prognosis; Older people; Patients; Postoperative period; Surgery; Urological cancer; Urology; renal function; upper tract urothelial carcinoma; nephroureterectomy; elderly; hydronephrosis
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61479

Introduction Decreased renal function after radical nephroureterectomy is one of the most important complications because it contributes to the decision to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate clinical factors associated with changes in renal function after radical nephroureterectomy in elderly patients. Methodology A total of 145 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma were evaluated. The renal function was calculated preoperatively, postoperatively, and one month postoperatively, and the long-term change in renal function was investigated once a year. The association between clinical factors and changes in renal function following radical nephroureterectomy in univariate and multivariate analyses was stratified by age ≥75 years and <75 years. Results The median age of the patients was 71 years, with 94 patients (65%) aged <75 years and 51 patients (35%) aged ≥75 years. The median estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were 57.1 (21.8-100) preoperatively, 36.1 (9.1-100) postoperatively, and 42.4 (19.5-100) in one month after radical nephroureterectomy. The median eGFRs in elderly patients were 50.8 (21.8-85.4) preoperatively. In the elderly group, only 8% had an eGFR of ≥50 as cisplatin-eligible at one month postoperatively. The long-term renal function in the elderly may decline further than during the stable postoperative periods. In the multivariate analysis, hydronephrosis (HN) was a significant predictor of decreased renal function in patients aged ≥75 years between the pre- and postoperative periods. Conclusions Elderly patients with HN who have upper tract urothelial carcinoma have a lower risk of decreased renal function after radical nephroureterectomy. This result may be useful in determining adjuvant therapy.