Interpretable Counterfactual Explanations Guided by Prototypes

• Published in: Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track Vol. 12976; pp. 650 - 665
• Main Authors: Van Looveren, Arnaud, Klaise, Janis
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Springer International Publishing AG 2021; Springer International Publishing
• Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
• Subjects: Counterfactual explanations; Interpretation; Transparency/Explainability
• ISBN: 3030865193; 9783030865191
• ISSN: 0302-9743; 1611-3349
• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86520-7_40

We propose a fast, model agnostic method for finding interpretable counterfactual explanations of classifier predictions by using class prototypes. We show that class prototypes, obtained using either an encoder or through class specific k-d trees, significantly speed up the search for counterfactual instances and result in more interpretable explanations. We quantitatively evaluate interpretability of the generated counterfactuals to illustrate the effectiveness of our method on an image and tabular dataset, respectively MNIST and Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic). Additionally, we propose a principled approach to handle categorical variables and illustrate our method on the Adult (Census) dataset. Our method also eliminates the computational bottleneck that arises because of numerical gradient evaluation for black box models.