Differences between Community - and Hospital - acquired urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital

• Published in: The New microbiologica Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 17 - 21
• Main Authors: Mancini, Alessio, Pucciarelli, Sandra, Lombardi, Francesca Elena, Barocci, Simone, Pauri, Paola, Lodolini, Stefano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy Edizioni Medico Scientifiche 01.01.2020
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacterial Infections - drug therapy; Bacterial Infections - microbiology; Bacterial Infections - pathology; Community-Acquired Infections - drug therapy; Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology; Community-Acquired Infections - pathology; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Cross Infection - microbiology; Cross Infection - pathology; Cystitis; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; E coli; Humans; Identification methods; Imipenem; Infections; Laboratory methods; Nitrofurantoin; Patients; Physicians; Retrospective Studies; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Tertiary Care Centers - statistics & numerical data; Urinary tract; Urinary tract diseases; Urinary tract infections; Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy; Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology; Urinary Tract Infections - pathology; Urogenital system; Infection; Urine; Urinary; UTI; Nosocomial; Community
• ISSN: 1121-7138

The aim of this retrospective study was to highlight the differences in antibiotic resistance between Hospital-acquired and Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antimicrobial UTIs resistance data were collected from March 2011 to March 2018. Uropathogens were identified from 41,715 patients using routine laboratory methods. Differences in antibiotic resistance between Hospital and Community (non-hospitalized) patients were statistically validated. Odds ratio (OR) and p-values was used to determine whether a particular exposure (hospitalization) was a risk factor for a particular outcome (higher antibiotic resistance). We reported a general increase of unnecessary urine cultures in both community and hospital patients. The most representative microorganism isolated from Community (58.2%) and Hospital (47.6%) was E. coli. UTIs causative bacteria in hospitalized patients was more than twice as resistant to Trimetoprim/sulphamethoxazole (OR 2.26) and Imipenem (OR 2.56), for Gram-positive and Gram-negative, respectively, than in Community patients. Nitrofurantoin was the only agent without differences in resistance rate between community and hospital UTIs. Therefore, physicians could use it as a definitive therapy for uncomplicated cystitis and as a prophylactic agent for recurrent uncomplicated cystitis. With this work we provided a general protocol applicable by physicians to select the most suitable, if necessary, UTIs empiric treatment.