Sources of error in noninvasive pulmonary blood flow measurements by Partial rebreathing: A computer model study
Partial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the partial rebreathing technique utilizing a comprehensive mathematical model of the cardiorespiratory system of a healthy, 70-kg adult male. The model simulat...
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Published in | Anesthesiology (Philadelphia) Vol. 98; no. 4; pp. 881 - 887 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Hagerstown, MD
Lippincott
01.04.2003
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Abstract | Partial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the partial rebreathing technique utilizing a comprehensive mathematical model of the cardiorespiratory system of a healthy, 70-kg adult male.
The model simulates tidal breathing through a branched respiratory tree and incorporates the effects on carbon dioxide dynamics of lung tissue mass, vascular transport delays, multiple body compartments, and realistic blood-gas dissociation curves. Four studies were performed: (1) errors produced under standard conditions, (2) effects of recirculation, (3) effects of alveolar-proximal airway partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2)) differences, and (4) effects of rebreathing time.
Systematic errors are less than 10% when the simulated PBF is between 3 and 6 l/min. At 2 l/min, PBF is overestimated by approximately 35%. At 14 l/min, PBF is underestimated by approximately 40%. At PBF of greater than 6 l/min, recirculation causes approximately 60% of the systematic error, alveolar-proximal airway differences cause approximately 20%, and alveolar-arterial differences cause approximately 20%. The standard rebreathing time of 50 s is shown to be excessive for PBF of greater than 6 l/min. At PBF of less than 3 l/min, errors are caused by inadequate rebreathing time and alveolar-arterial gradients.
Systematic errors in partial rebreathing cardiac output measurements have multiple causes. Our simulations suggest that errors can be reduced by using a variable rebreathing time, which should be increased at low PBF so that quasi-equilibrium in the alveoli can be achieved and decreased at high PBF to reduce the effects of recirculation. |
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AbstractList | Partial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the partial rebreathing technique utilizing a comprehensive mathematical model of the cardiorespiratory system of a healthy, 70-kg adult male.
The model simulates tidal breathing through a branched respiratory tree and incorporates the effects on carbon dioxide dynamics of lung tissue mass, vascular transport delays, multiple body compartments, and realistic blood-gas dissociation curves. Four studies were performed: (1) errors produced under standard conditions, (2) effects of recirculation, (3) effects of alveolar-proximal airway partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2)) differences, and (4) effects of rebreathing time.
Systematic errors are less than 10% when the simulated PBF is between 3 and 6 l/min. At 2 l/min, PBF is overestimated by approximately 35%. At 14 l/min, PBF is underestimated by approximately 40%. At PBF of greater than 6 l/min, recirculation causes approximately 60% of the systematic error, alveolar-proximal airway differences cause approximately 20%, and alveolar-arterial differences cause approximately 20%. The standard rebreathing time of 50 s is shown to be excessive for PBF of greater than 6 l/min. At PBF of less than 3 l/min, errors are caused by inadequate rebreathing time and alveolar-arterial gradients.
Systematic errors in partial rebreathing cardiac output measurements have multiple causes. Our simulations suggest that errors can be reduced by using a variable rebreathing time, which should be increased at low PBF so that quasi-equilibrium in the alveoli can be achieved and decreased at high PBF to reduce the effects of recirculation. BACKGROUNDPartial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the partial rebreathing technique utilizing a comprehensive mathematical model of the cardiorespiratory system of a healthy, 70-kg adult male.METHODSThe model simulates tidal breathing through a branched respiratory tree and incorporates the effects on carbon dioxide dynamics of lung tissue mass, vascular transport delays, multiple body compartments, and realistic blood-gas dissociation curves. Four studies were performed: (1) errors produced under standard conditions, (2) effects of recirculation, (3) effects of alveolar-proximal airway partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2)) differences, and (4) effects of rebreathing time.RESULTSSystematic errors are less than 10% when the simulated PBF is between 3 and 6 l/min. At 2 l/min, PBF is overestimated by approximately 35%. At 14 l/min, PBF is underestimated by approximately 40%. At PBF of greater than 6 l/min, recirculation causes approximately 60% of the systematic error, alveolar-proximal airway differences cause approximately 20%, and alveolar-arterial differences cause approximately 20%. The standard rebreathing time of 50 s is shown to be excessive for PBF of greater than 6 l/min. At PBF of less than 3 l/min, errors are caused by inadequate rebreathing time and alveolar-arterial gradients.CONCLUSIONSSystematic errors in partial rebreathing cardiac output measurements have multiple causes. Our simulations suggest that errors can be reduced by using a variable rebreathing time, which should be increased at low PBF so that quasi-equilibrium in the alveoli can be achieved and decreased at high PBF to reduce the effects of recirculation. |
Author | TURNER, Martin J YEM, Johnny S YONGQUAN TANG BAKER, A. Barry |
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Keywords | Human Lung Male Respiratory system Rebreathing Blood flow Partial Non invasive method Adult Hemodynamics Measurement method Mathematical model Measurement error |
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Snippet | Partial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the partial... BACKGROUNDPartial rebreathing is a noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This study examines the systematic errors produced by the... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Air Pressure Biological and medical sciences Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Cardiovascular system Computer Simulation Humans Investigative techniques of hemodynamics Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Male Medical sciences Models, Anatomic Models, Statistical Pulmonary Alveoli - physiology Pulmonary Circulation - physiology Reproducibility of Results Respiration, Artificial Respiratory Mechanics |
Title | Sources of error in noninvasive pulmonary blood flow measurements by Partial rebreathing: A computer model study |
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