Characterization and biological activities of extracellular melanin produced by Schizophyllum commune (Fries)

Melanins are enigmatic pigments produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. Here, we have isolated and characterized extracellular melanin from mushroom fungus, Schizophyllum commune. The extracellular dark pigment produced by the broth culture of S. commune, after 21...

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Published inIndian journal of experimental biology Vol. 53; no. 6; pp. 380 - 387
Main Authors Arun, G, Eyini, M, Gunasekaran, P
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published India 01.06.2015
Subjects
Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry
Anti-Infective Agents - metabolism
Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents - metabolism
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - metabolism
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Bacteria - drug effects
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Extracellular Space - chemistry
Extracellular Space - metabolism
Humans
Melanins - biosynthesis
Melanins - chemistry
Melanins - pharmacology
Schizophyllum - metabolism
Trichophyton - drug effects
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Summary:Melanins are enigmatic pigments produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. Here, we have isolated and characterized extracellular melanin from mushroom fungus, Schizophyllum commune. The extracellular dark pigment produced by the broth culture of S. commune, after 21 days of incubation was recovered by hot acid-alkali treatment. The melanin nature of the pigment was characterized by biochemical tests and further, confirmed by UV, IR, EPR, NMR and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectra. Extracellular melanin, at 100 μg/ml, showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens and antifungal activity against Trichophyton simii and T. rubrum. At a concentration of 50 μg/ml, melanin showed high free radical scavenging activity of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) indicating its antioxidant potential. It showed concentration dependent inhibition of cell proliferation of Human Epidermoid Larynx Carcinoma Cell Line (HEP-2). This study has demonstrated characterization of melanin from basidiomycetes mushroom fungus, Schizophyllum commune and its applications.
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ISSN:0019-5189