Clinical observation: A safe alternative to radiology in infants with mild traumatic brain injury

• Published in: Anales de pediatría (Barcelona, Spain : 2003) Vol. 87; no. 3; pp. 164 - 169
• Main Authors: Muñoz-Santanach, David, Trenchs Sainz de la Maza, Victoria, Maya Gallego, Sara, Cuaresma González, Adriana, Luaces Cubells, Carles
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Spain 01.09.2017
• Subjects: Adolescent; Algorithms; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Child; Clinical Protocols; Craniocerebral Trauma - diagnostic imaging; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Retrospective Studies; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Radiography; Lactante; Emergency department; Traumatismo craneal; Infant; Radiografía; Head trauma; Urgencias
• ISSN: 1695-9531
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2016.09.013

The protocol for the management of mild cranioencephalic trauma in the emergency department was changed in July 2013. The principal innovation was the replacement of systematic X-ray in infants with clinical observation. The aims of this study were to determine whether there was, 1) a reduction in the ability to detect traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the initial visit to Emergency, and 2) a change in the number of requests for imaging tests and hospital admissions. This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational study. Two periods were established for the study: Period 1 (1/11/2011-30/10/2012), prior to the implementing of the new protocol, and Period 2 (1/11/2013-30/10/2014), following its implementation. The study included visits to the emergency department by children≤2 years old for mild cranioencephalic trauma (Glasgow Scale modified for infants≥14) of ≤24hours onset. A total of 1,543 cases were included, of which 807 were from Period 1 and 736 from Period 2. No significant differences were observed as regards sex, age, mechanism, or risk of TBI. More cranial fractures were detected in Period 1 than in Period 2 (4.3% vs 0.5%; P<.001), without significant changes in the detection of TBI (0.4% vs 0.3%; P=1). However, there were more cranial X-rays (49.7% vs 2.7%; P<.001) and more ultrasounds (2.1% vs 0.4%; P<.001) carried out, and also fewer hospital admissions (8.3% vs 3.1%; P<.001). There were no significant differences in the number of computerised tomography scans carried out (2% vs 3%; P=.203). The use of clinical observation as an alternative to cranial radiography leads to a reduction in the number of imaging tests and hospital admissions of infants with mild cranioencephalic trauma, without any reduction in the reliability of detecting TBI. This option helps to lower the exposure radiation by the patient, and is also a more rational use of hospital resources.