Relationship between T cells and microbiota in health and disease

• Published in: Progress in molecular biology and translational science Vol. 171; pp. 95 - 129
• Main Authors: Kageyama, Takahiro, Matsuo, Takashi, Kurakake, Reina, Sano, Teruyuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands 2020
• Subjects: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - immunology; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology; Humans; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - microbiology; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - microbiology; Th17 Cells - immunology; Microbiota; Multiple sclerosis; Regulatory T cell; Treg; Commensal-specific T cells; Cancer immunotherapy; Gut flora; Th1; Th17; Autism spectrum disorder
• ISSN: 1878-0814
• DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.007

In the past decades, the fields of microbiology and immunology have largely advanced by using germ-free animals and next-generation sequencing. Many studies revealed the relationship among gut microbiota, activation of immune system, and various diseases. Especially, some gut commensals can generate their antigen-specific T cells. It is becoming clear that commensal bacteria have important roles in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as autism, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, it was reported that commensals contribute to the cancer immune therapy. However, how commensal-specific T cells contribute to the disease development and cancer treatment are not fully understood yet. In this chapter, we will summarize the decade history of the studies associated with commensal-induced T cells and commensal-causing diseases.