Cardiovascular disease before and after COVID-19 infection: One-year survival

• Published in: Semergen, medicina de familia Vol. 50; no. 1; p. 102090
• Main Authors: de Diego-Castell, M C, García-López, E, Álvarez-Gregori, J A, Mohedano-Moriano, A, Criado-Álvarez, J J, González-González, J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Spain 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Case-Control Studies; COVID-19 - complications; Female; Humans; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - epidemiology; Male; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; COVID-19; Evento cardiovascular; Comorbidity; Cardiovascular event; Survival; Comorbilidad; Supervivencia
• ISSN: 1578-8865
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102090

To analyze the risk of COVID-19 in relation to previous morbidity; to analyze the risk of new cardiovascular events (CVE) in COVID-19 patients and one-year survival. Case-control study and prospective cohort study. Two hundred and seventy-five randomized patients >18 years old with COVID-19 were included and matched with 825 without COVID-19 by age and sex (ratio 1:3). The main variables were diagnosis of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 events. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, and previous CVD were studied. Two predictive models of factors associated with the development of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 CVE were performed, as well as a one-year survival analysis. Men with a previous CVE double the risk of suffering from COVID-19 (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.32-3.36). In women, the risk increases with age (OR 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02), diabetes (DM) (OR 1.90; 95% CI: 1.14-3.17) and cognitive impairment (OR 4.88; 95% CI: 2.50-9.53). Immunosuppression acts as a protective factor in both sexes. Age (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), arterial hypertension (OR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.17-4.17), COVID-19 infection (OR 4.81; 95% CI: 2.89-7.98) and previous CVE (OR 4.46; 95% CI: 2.56-7.75) predict the development of a new post-COVID-19 CVE. Positive COVID-19 has lower survival (median 7 days vs. 184 days). Previous CVE in men and DM along with cognitive impairment in women increase the risk of presenting COVID-19. Age, arterial hypertension, previous CVE, and COVID-19 infection predict the appearance of new CVE.