The effect of freezing on the recovery and expansion of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells

• Published in: Experimental and clinical transplantation Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 50 - 55
• Main Authors: Beshlawy, Amal El, Metwally, Hala G, Khalek, Khalil Abd El, Hammoud, Rania F, Mousa, Somaia M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Turkey 01.03.2009
• Subjects: Antigens, CD34 - analysis; Cell Count; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Cell Separation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cryopreservation; Culture Media; Female; Fetal Blood - cytology; Fetal Stem Cells - immunology; Fetal Stem Cells - metabolism; Fetal Stem Cells - physiology; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - immunology; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - metabolism; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology; Humans; Interleukin-3 - metabolism; Pregnancy; Stem Cell Factor - metabolism; Time Factors
• ISSN: 1304-0855

Cell populations residing in waste tissues (cord blood, umbilical cord, and placenta) may be collected without any medical or ethical contraindications concerning the mother or newborn baby. Cord blood hematopoietic stem cells are routinely used for clinical transplants; however, the low cell dose of the graft limits their therapeutic efficacy as it is associated with increased delayed or failed engraftment. The cell dose can be increased, and the efficacy of cord blood transplant potentially improved, by ex vivo expansion before transplant. Twelve umbilical cord blood samples were included. The effect of cord blood storage at -80 degrees C on CD34+ cell count (mean -/+ standard deviation [SD]), cell viability (mean -/+ SD percent), and cell cycle status (percent quiescent versus dividing) was estimated. Ex vivo culture of cord blood mononuclear cells was done before storage, and after 1 week of freezing, and after 2 weeks of freezing. Ex vivo liquid culture was performed with media supplemented with stem cell factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and both. The count of CD34+ cells in pre-expansion aliquots decreased from 15.00 +/- 9.96 x 106 cells before freezing to 7.70 -/+ 3.20 x 106 cells after 2 weeks of freezing (P = .024). Cell viability in pre-expansion aliquots decreased from 99.5% -/+ 1.0% before freezing, to 52.5% -/+ 27.5% after 1 week of freezing (P = .013) and to 32.5% -/+ 9.5% after 2 weeks of freezing (P = .001). Mean fold of cell expansion and proportion of quiescent versus dividing cells did not change significantly from before to after freezing, and was not significantly different for culture with stem cell factor, IL-3, or both. Although freezing decreased cell count and viability, it did not impair the expansion potential of cord blood hematopoietic cells. Whether IL-3 or stem cell factor should be considered as essential components of expansion media is uncertain.