Perceived Fall Risk and Functional Decline: Gender Differences in Patient's Willingness to Discuss Fall Risk, Fall History, or to Have a Home Safety Evaluation

• Published in: The Yale journal of biology & medicine Vol. 89; no. 2; pp. 261 - 267
• Main Authors: Greenberg, Marna Rayl, Moore, Elizabeth C, Nguyen, Michael C, Stello, Brian, Goldberg, Arnold, Barraco, Robert D, Porter, Bernadette G, Kurt, Anita, Dusza, Stephen W, Kane, Bryan G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 01.06.2016; YJBM
• Series: Focus: Sex and Gender Health
• Subjects: Accidental Falls - prevention & control; Accidental Falls - statistics & numerical data; Adults; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brief Communication; Death; Emergency medical care; Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data; Falls; Female; Females; Gender; Gender differences; Health risks; Humans; Injuries; Male; Males; Perception - physiology; Personal health; Risk Factors; Sex differences; Surveys; Fall risk; Fear of Falling; Mechanical Fall; Emergency Department
• ISSN: 0044-0086; 1551-4056

The CDC reports that among older adults, falls are the leading cause of injury-related death and rates of fall-related fractures among older women are twice those of men. We set out to 1) determine patient perceptions (analyzed by gender) about their perceived fall risk compared to their actual risk for functional decline and death and 2) to report their comfort level in discussing their fall history or a home safety plan with their provider. Elders who presented to the Emergency Department (ED†) were surveyed. The survey included demographics, the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES); both validated surveys measuring fall concern and functional decline. Females had higher FES scores (mean 12.3, SD 5.9) than males (mean 9.7, SD 5.9 p = .007) in the 146 surveys analyzed. Females were more likely to report an increased fear of falling, and almost three times more likely to have a VES score of 3 or greater than males (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.17-7.00, p = .02). A strong correlation was observed between FES and VES scores (r = 0.80, p < .001). No difference in correlation was observed between males and females, p = .26. Participants (77 percent) reported they would be comfortable discussing their fall risk with a provider; there was no difference between genders (p = .57). In this study, irrespective of gender, there appears to be a high association between subjects' perceived fall risk and risk for functional decline and death. The majority of patients are likely willing to discuss their fall risk with their provider. These findings may suggest a meaningful opportunity for fall risk mitigation in this setting.