Enhancement of Benzylic basicity by a fluorine substituent at the para- position: a case of lone pair/lone pair repulsion

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal Vol. 6; no. 5; pp. 771 - 777
• Main Authors: Faigl, F, Marzi, E, Schlosser, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany 03.03.2000
• ISSN: 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(20000303)6:5<771::AID-CHEM771>3.0.CO;2-G

The introduction of a halogen atom at any aromatic position of toluene considerably accelerates the base-promoted deprotonation of the methyl group. p-Fluorotoluene is the only exception; proton abstraction from its benzylic site occurs approximately at one tenth of the rate found with toluene (at -75 degrees C). Lone-pair repulsion appears to be at the origin of the decrease in acidity. Chloro- and bromotoluenes instantaneously exchange benzylic hydrogen against metal when treated with solution of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LITMP) in diethyl ether in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide and N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine at -100 degrees C. Due to extensive side reactions ("aryne" formation as a consequence of concomitant deprotonation of aromatic sites adjacent to the halogen atom), products can be isolated only in moderate yield (10-35%), but they are regioisomerically pure.