Influence of implant geometry and surface characteristics on progressive osseointegration

• Published in: The International journal of oral and maxillofacial implants Vol. 17; no. 6; p. 811
• Main Authors: Geurs, Nico C, Jeffcoat, Robert L, McGlumphy, Edwin A, Reddy, Michael S, Jeffcoat, Marjorie K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.11.2002
• Subjects: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dental Implantation, Endosseous - methods; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Restoration Failure; Durapatite; Humans; Mandible; Multivariate Analysis; Osseointegration; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surface Properties
• ISSN: 0882-2786

Although no currently available technique for the measurement of osseointegration is entirely satisfactory, 3 clinical variables can be reasonably associated with the process: probing depth, micromobility, and crestal bone height. Micromobility can be quantified to some extent with the use of the Periotest, a commercially available instrument In this investigation, the influence of surface characteristics and geometry upon Periotest value (PTV) and probing depth measurements was studied. In a multicenter trial, 120 healthy edentulous patients received 5 or 6 implants in the anterior mandible and were followed for 3 years. A total of 634 implants were placed. Every patient received at least 1 implant of each of 3 types: threaded titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS), threaded hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), and cylindric HA-coated. A randomization schedule assured that approximately equal numbers of each type of implant were placed and that they were uniformly distributed over the arch. Of the 4 tested combinations of dependent and independent variables, the only statistically significant (P < .05) effect was that of coating on PTV. At 1 year after prosthetic restoration, the mean PTV for HA-coated threaded implants was -5.36 +/- 1.24, compared with -4.86 +/- 1.70 for TPS implants. This difference steadily declined in magnitude and significance, until, after 3 years, the groups were indistinguishable. This study agrees with the previous observations that HA coating tends to accelerate the initial rate of osseointegration. The absence of a difference between threaded and cylindric implants confirms that the PTV responds to micromobility near the surface, on a scale much smaller than such gross geometric features. On the basis of these results, one may conclude that HA-coated implants exhibit a more rapid decrease in micromobility than do TPS implants of identical geometry.