Comparison of Chloral Hydrate Solution, Hydroxyzine Syrup, and Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream as Premedication for Lumbar Puncture in Children: A Double-Blind Study

• Published in: Iranian journal of child neurology Vol. 16; no. 3; pp. 29 - 34
• Main Authors: Esfahani, Hossein, Sedighi, Iraj, Ardakani, Maryam Sahraei, Rabie, Mohammad Ali Seif, Hosseini, Firozeh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tehran Iranian Child Neurology Society 01.01.2022; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
• Subjects: Acute myeloid leukemia; Chloral hydrate; Clinical trials; Diagnostic tests; Double-blind studies; Erythrocytes; Infectious diseases; Leukemia; Lidocaine; Lymphatic leukemia; Original; Patients; Pediatrics; Prilocaine; Syrups
• ISSN: 1735-4668; 2008-0700
• DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v16i3.28605

Objectives This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of oral hydroxyzine and chloral hydrate to topical lidocaine/prilocaine 2.5% cream as premedication in pediatric leukemia patients. Materials & Methods This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 70 leukemic and nonleukemic patients aged 3-11 years. The patients were divided into four groups. In group A, chloral hydrate solution was given to 18 patients. In group B, hydroxyzine syrup was used for 18 patients. In group C, chloral hydrate solution and lidocaine/prilocaine cream were used for 17 patients. In group D, hydroxyzine syrup and lidocaine/prilocaine cream were used for 17 patients. These groups were assessed and judged based on the visual analog scale (VAS). The side effects of the drugs were also recorded. Results In this study, 54.3% (n=38) and 45.7% (n=32) of the cases were female and male, respectively. Furthermore, 77%, 7.2%, and 15.8% of the cases were reported with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and infectious disease, respectively. The VAS results showed no difference in these four groups. Nontraumatic lumbar puncture (LP) (red blood cell<50) was observed in 97.1% of the cases. Conclusion Although premedications for LP with hydroxyzine syrup and chloral hydrate solution were not statistically effective in pain relief, they increased patient and parent satisfaction. Moreover, adding lidocaine/prilocaine cream does not improve the effectiveness of the drugs.