4D-DSA: Development and Current Neurovascular Applications

Originally described by Davis et al in 2013, 4D-Digital Subtraction Angiography (4D-DSA) has developed into a commercially available application of DSA in the angiography suite. 4D-DSA provides the user with 3D time-resolved images, allowing observation of a contrast bolus at any desired viewing ang...

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Published inAmerican journal of neuroradiology : AJNR Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 214 - 220
Main Authors Falk, K L, Schafer, S, Speidel, M A, Strother, C M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society of Neuroradiology 01.01.2021
Subjects
Angiography, Digital Subtraction - methods
Brain Diseases - diagnostic imaging
Female
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
Interventional
Male
Neuroimaging - methods
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Summary:Originally described by Davis et al in 2013, 4D-Digital Subtraction Angiography (4D-DSA) has developed into a commercially available application of DSA in the angiography suite. 4D-DSA provides the user with 3D time-resolved images, allowing observation of a contrast bolus at any desired viewing angle through the vasculature and at any time point during the acquisition (any view at any time). 4D-DSA mitigates some limitations that are intrinsic to both 2D- and 3D-DSA images. The clinical applications for 4D-DSA include evaluations of AVMs and AVFs, intracranial aneurysms, and atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Recent advances in blood flow quantification using 4D-DSA indicate that these data provide both the velocity and geometric information necessary for the quantification of blood flow. In this review, we will discuss the development, acquisition, reconstruction, and current neurovascular applications of 4D-DSA volumes.
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ISSN:0195-6108
1936-959X
DOI:10.3174/ajnr.A6860