Microwave-assisted green synthesis of guar gum esters with enhanced physicochemical properties

Several methods have been developed for the modification of natural polymers. Most of the reported methods are expensive, since the chemical reactions are carried out using chemical additives along with stabilizers. Microwave-assisted synthetic strategies have gained significant importance in the sy...

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Published inScientia Iranica. Transaction C, Chemistry, chemical engineering Vol. 26; no. 3; pp. 1474 - 1484
Main Authors Iqbal, D Najaf, Hussain, E Akbar, Soomro, G Afshan, Rizvi, H, Iqbal, M, Nazir, A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Tehran Sharif University of Technology 01.06.2019
Subjects
Acetic acid
Acidic oxides
Additives
Anhydrides
Chemical properties
Chemical reactions
Chemical synthesis
Esters
Gelation
Guar gum
Hydroxyl groups
Iodine
Irradiation
Natural polymers
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organic chemistry
Physicochemical properties
Polymers
Polysaccharides
Propionic acid
Saccharides
Stabilizers (agents)
Swelling ratio
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Summary:Several methods have been developed for the modification of natural polymers. Most of the reported methods are expensive, since the chemical reactions are carried out using chemical additives along with stabilizers. Microwave-assisted synthetic strategies have gained significant importance in the synthesis of materials due to their eco-friendly nature. Guar gum is one of the important naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharides, which has incredible industrial and commercial applications. A rapid method for protecting the hydroxyl group in sterically hindered gum was developed by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis (MAS). An efficient synthesis of different novel guar gum derivatives such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate (GG1-GG3) was performed. Significantly higher yield of ester was achieved after 15 min at 600 W using iodine as a reaction promoter. Gum ester formation was carried out at various concentrations for different reaction intervals. The synthesized products were characterized using FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The efficiency of the adopted synthesis method was evaluated based on swelling ratio, gelation ability, and solubility. The study indicated that the guar gum could be modified using acid anhydride under microwave irradiation with enhanced physic-chemical properties. Moreover, microwave modification is an eco-friendly approach.
DOI:10.24200/sci.2018.50112.1515