Fundamentals of Li/CFx battery design and application

Li/fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx) batteries are promising systems with ultrahigh energy density and long storage life. They are particularly suitable for emerging applications in military equipment, interventional medical devices, and spacecrafts. Research on Li/CFx batteries is at a critical point, tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEnergy & environmental science Vol. 16; no. 5; pp. 1907 - 1942
Main Authors Zhang, Shixue, Kong, Lingchen, Li, Yu, Peng, Cong, Feng, Wei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 2023
Subjects
Critical point
Electrochemistry
Medical equipment
Military applications
Military equipment
Performance enhancement
Rechargeable batteries
Storage life
Synthesis
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Summary:Li/fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx) batteries are promising systems with ultrahigh energy density and long storage life. They are particularly suitable for emerging applications in military equipment, interventional medical devices, and spacecrafts. Research on Li/CFx batteries is at a critical point, transitioning from small- to large-scale applications. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the performance of Li/CFx batteries. Herein, we comprehensively review Li/CFx batteries and provide a panoramic view of battery design, ranging from electrochemical mechanism to material synthesis, summarise the synthesis–structure–performance relationship, and propose an energy-guided strategy for CFx implementation. A particular emphasis was placed on practicality. Therefore, battery-level solutions are introduced herein, including the effects of the electrolyte and electrode architecture on battery performance. In addition, new applications of Li/CFx batteries as rechargeable batteries and state-of-the-art progress reports have been highlighted. Finally, we present our perspectives on several field-related issues that warrant further investigation.
ISSN:1754-5692
1754-5706
DOI:10.1039/d2ee04179k