Management of stroke patients submitted to botulinum toxin type A therapy: a Delphi survey of an Italian expert panel of specialist injectors

• Published in: European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine Vol. 50; no. 5; p. 525
• Main Authors: Franceschini, M, Iocco, M, Molteni, F, Santamato, A, Smania, N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy 01.10.2014
• Subjects: Attitude of Health Personnel; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - therapeutic use; Delphi Technique; Disease Management; Humans; Italy; Muscle Spasticity - drug therapy; Muscle Spasticity - etiology; Muscle Spasticity - rehabilitation; Neuromuscular Agents - therapeutic use; Practice Patterns, Physicians; Stroke - complications; Stroke Rehabilitation
• ISSN: 1973-9095

Spasticity is a common disabling symptom of several neurological conditions including stroke. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection represents the gold standard therapy for focal spasticity. Post-stroke management of patients receiving BTX-A therapy has been variously investigated, but general agreement on how and when to implement rehabilitation is lacking. To perform a national survey of experts on the most appropriate rehabilitation procedures after BTX-A therapy for the focal treatment of spasticity. The study employed the Delphi technique through the COSMO project (Consensus on Post-Injection Management in Post-stroke Spasticity). Italian neurologists and physiatrists with experience in BTX-A therapy were selected to participate in the survey. Their anonymous opinions on key issues in treatment strategies in post-stroke spasticity were collected in three sequential rounds facilitated by a web platform. Consensus on a given issue was defined as agreed opinion by at least 66% of the survey participants. In all, 44 Italian experts were involved. Positive consensus was reached on the need to start rehabilitation during the first week after BTX-A injection therapy, with a rehabilitation program comprising both stretching combined with electrical stimulation and exercise therapy. Functional surgery may be considered only after 12-24 months in cases of BTX-A therapy failure. The use of commercial or custom-made orthoses in selected cases was recommended. The appropriate time interval between two BTX-A injections is 3-6 months, and clinical assessment should be performed 1 month after injection. The results of this national survey confirm that clinical experts on the use of BTX-A therapy for spasticity after stroke agree on the need to initiate rehabilitation treatment immediately after BTX-A injection: muscle stretching exercises, eventually combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, may enhance the effect of BTX-A therapy. Outcome after BTX-A therapy should be assessed at repeated follow-up visits. This expert panel survey can provide guidance for clinicians in the assessment of patients treated with BTX-A therapy.