Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by SARS-CoV-2 required transcriptional upregulation of Snail

• Published in: American journal of cancer research Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 2278 - 2290
• Main Authors: Lai, Yun-Ju, Chao, Chi-Hong, Liao, Chun-Che, Lee, Te-An, Hsu, Jung-Mao, Chou, Wen-Cheng, Wang, Jyun, Huang, Hsiang-Chi, Chang, Shing-Jyh, Lin, Yi-Ling, Li, Chia-Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: e-Century Publishing Corporation 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Original
• ISSN: 2156-6976; 2156-6976

The engagement of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein facilitate virus spread. Thus far, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression is correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature in lung cancer. However, the mechanism for SARS-CoV-2-induced EMT has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 induces EMT phenotypic change and stemness in breast cancer cell model and subsequently identified Snail as a modulator for this regulation. The in-depth analysis identifies the spike protein (S), but not envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N), or membrane protein (M), of SARS-CoV-2 induces EMT marker changes. Suppression of Snail expression in these cells abrogates S protein-induced invasion, migration, stemness, and lung metastasis, suggesting that Snail is required for SARS-CoV-2-mediated aggressive phenotype in cancer. This study reveals an important oncogenic role of SARS-CoV-2 in triggering breast cancer metastasis through Snail upregulation.