Bone microarchitecture and other body composition parameters in patients with overweight or obesity grouped by glucose metabolism disorders

• Published in: Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 834 - 839
• Main Authors: Chávez Díaz, Pamela R, Zapatero, Miriam, Sanz Martínez, Enrique, Coronado Poggio, Mónica, Calvo Viñuelas, Isabel, de Cos Blanco, Ana I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Spain 26.08.2019
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Bone and Bones - pathology; Bone and Bones - ultrastructure; Bone Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Fasting - blood; Female; Glucose Metabolism Disorders - blood; Glucose Metabolism Disorders - pathology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal - anatomy & histology; Obesity - blood; Obesity - pathology; Overweight - blood; Overweight - pathology; Prospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Obesidad. Diabetes. Masa muscular. Microarquitectura ósea. Bioimpedanciometría. Densidad trabecular ósea
• ISSN: 1699-5198
• DOI: 10.20960/nh.02473

Introduction: obesity and DM-2 decrease trabecular bone mass even though cortical bone increase may coexist. Another common finding is presarcopenia/sarcopenia, possibly due to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. It remains to be clarified whether these changes depend on either early (prediabetes) or late (established DM) glucidic alterations, or rather they would be linked predominantly by excess fat mass in obese patients Objectives: to evaluate and compare body composition parameters (bone, muscle and adipose-visceral tissues) in overweight/obese patients grouped by whether or not they present glucidic metabolism disorders. Analyze if there are differences between FRAX vs FRAX adjusted to trabecular bone score TBS in both groups. Methods: sixteen overweight/obese patients were included. In all of them clinical-anthropometric evaluation, bioimpedance, DXA and analysis were performed. They were grouped by glycemia as: a) normal; b) impaired fasting glycemia (IFG); and c) DM-2. Non-parametric tests were performed. Results: no statistically significant differences were found among groups regarding bone microarchitecture, muscle mass or visceral fat. The IFG group showed the highest average muscle mass and visceral fat. Then, patients were reclassified in only two groups, normal glycemia in group 1 and altered glycemia in group 2 (IFG and DM-2), and statistically significant differences were found at the expense of lower trabecular bone microarchitecture in group 2 (p = 0.031) and phosphorus lower levels in group 1 (p = 0.042). Conclusions: in our study, the bone microarchitecture is impaired in patients with altered glycemia and obesity. Studies with larger sample size are needed to establish when these changes take place in the natural evolution of diabetes.