Long-term course of patients in neurological rehabilitation Phase B. Results of the 6-year follow-up in a multicenter study

• Published in: Nervenarzt Vol. 82; no. 6; pp. 753 - 763
• Main Authors: Pohl, M, Berger, K, Ketter, G, Krusch, C, Pause, M, Puschendorf, W, Schaupp, M, Schleep, J, Spranger, M, Steube, D, Scheidtmann, K, Mehrholz, J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: German
• Published: Germany 01.06.2011
• Subjects: Female; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases - mortality; Nervous System Diseases - rehabilitation; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Recovery of Function; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Germany
• ISSN: 1433-0407
• DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-3119-0

After conclusion of emergency care for severe neurological diseases patients in Germany are admitted at an early stage to so-called Phase B rehabilitation. No studies have been carried out on the long-term course of these patients. In a prospective study in 2002 patients in Phase B from 9 centers were included and follow-up investigations were carried out after 5 and 6 years. Assessment instruments used were the Barthel index, the Rankin scale and the EQ-5D. Factors for the risk of a poor outcome and the chances for a good outcome were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 1,280 patients were included in the study. A high age increased the risk of dying with a hazard quotient (HQ) of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.04-1.06) and high point counts in the coma remission scale (HQ 0.93; 95% CI: 0.92-0.96) and Barthel index (HQ 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97-0.98) on discharge reduced the risk of dying after 5 years. The factors swallowing impairment (OR 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7-5.5) and obligatory surveillance at the end of rehabilitation (OR 3.2; 95% CI: 1.2-8.6) increased the risk of a poor result in the Rankin scale 2-4 and the factors communication disorder (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 2.0-12.8) and PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) (OR 19.7; 95% CI: 2.7-144.4) on discharge increased the risk of a reduced health-related quality of life (defined as EQ-5D VAS <70) after 6 years. If support for bodily functions can be successfully reduced during Phase B rehabilitation, the patients will have a good outcome with respect to 5-year survival. If this is not successful the outcome is unfavorable with respect to survival and with respect to achieving self-sufficiency and health-related quality of life after 6 years.